Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/401

Vie filu, from *fëlu-, is based on Aryan  pelu (polú-), from which  purú,  paru,  πολύ-,  il, ‘much,’ are derived; so too  pollere, ‘to be strong.’ The root of these cognates is the same as in, which see. The disappearance of the old felu- was due chiefly to the cognates of  ( manags); yet the other Aryan languages use the  only sparingly. —  ,, ‘glutton, Ursus gulo,’ only, a corruption of  fjallfress, , ‘mountain bear.’ —  ,, from vil lîhte,  ‘very easy,’ then ‘probably,’ finally ‘perhaps.’ ,, ‘four,’ from the  vier,  fior; corresponding to  fiwar,  vier,  feower, feówer,  four; the  variant fyðer- (in compounds) points, like the corresponding  fidwôr ( fidur-), to a primary form detwor, petur, for qetwor, qetur. The latter forms show that  is connected with  quattuor,  τέσσαρες (πίσυρες),  catur,  četyri, ‘four.’ The common Aryan qetur-, ktru-, is also indicated by   (from hrûdô-,  to krû-tā́,  ‘quaternity.’ —  ',, ‘quarter’; for the suffix, see .   ',  ‘visor,’ borrowed in the 15th  from the   visiera,  visière.   ', , ‘viceregent,’ from  viztuom, , ‘governor, administrator’; formed from vicedominus, whence also  vidame.   ', see .   , , ‘bird, fowl,’ from the   vogel,  fogal, ; a common  term;   fugls,  fugol.  fowl,  vogel,  fugal, , ‘bird.’ This specifically  word has no exact correspondence in non-. fugla- is perhaps derived from the root flug, ‘to fly,’ thus connecting the word with  (for which gevügele occurs, however, in ) as the collective of. Others prefer to connect it with, which is regarded as ‘the animal with a tail.’ There is no term in corresponding to  avis,  vi, ‘bird.’   ,, ‘overseer, steward, bailiff,’ from vogt, voget,  fógat (*fogā́t), ; from  vocâtus, with the pronunciation of the  v like f, as in ,. The term is for advocatus (whence   pfogát);   avoué, ‘defender of a church or abbey, attorney.’  advocatus signified  ‘legal assistant,’ whence the meanings ‘guardian’ ( and  ) and ‘patron, protector.’  voget denotes also ‘the protector of the Romish Church, King or Emperor of Rome, king and ruler (generally),’ and further ‘governor, legal official.’   ,, ‘people, nation, soldiery, troops,’ from the  volc (k),  folc,  (rarely ); corresponding to  folk,  volk,  folc,  folk;  fólk, ‘people, troops, detachment.’ The latter seems to be the primary meaning, from which  pulkas, ‘heap, crowd,’ and  plŭkŭ, ‘troops,’ are borrowed. The connection of the word with vulgus is uncertain, for it is very dubious whether the  word and the  cognates can be based on a primary form, qelgos, qolgos. <section end="Volk" /> ,, ‘full, complete, entire,’ from the  vol (ll),  fol (ll); a common  , corresponding to the   fulls,  and  full,  vol, and  full. Allied to, which see. The other Aryan languages also preserve a corresponding plno- (ln becomes ll);   pûrṇá, Zend parena,  pìlnas,  plŭnŭ,  lán (for plôno-),  plênus, ‘full’ (manipulus, ‘handful’). The  is a  in no-, from the root plê, ‘to till’ ( complêre, implêre;  πίμπλημι, from the root πλη), which appears in  as pur, prâ, ‘to fill.’ The cognates of  belong to the similar root pel. — ,, ‘perfect, complete,’ from volkumen, ‘accomplished, grown up, complete’; properly a  of  volkumen, ‘to reach the end or goal.’ ,, ‘of, from, concerning,’ from the  von, vone ( van),  fona (fana); corresponding to  fon, fan, fana, ‘of,’  van. The pre- pana, on which the word is based, is rightly regarded as an extension of the shortened Aryan form apo, which is discussed under. , and, ‘before,’ from  vor, vore,  fora; corresponding to  faúr and faúra, ‘before,’  for, fora,  vor,  and  for. In non- are found the correspondences purâ and purás, ‘before,’ with pra,  πάρος with πρό; , as well as  pro, are more remotely allied.