Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/400

Ver  ,, ‘reprimand, censure,’ from the late  verwîȥ, ; allied to , from  verwîȥen,  firwîȥan,  , ‘to reprimand, censure.’   verwijt, , ‘reprimand,’ and verwijten, ‘to reproach, upbraid,’  fraweitan, ‘to revenge. The meaning ‘to punish ‘also belonged to the simple stem, as is shown by wîti,  wîȥȥi (wîzzi),  wîȥe (wîtze),, ‘punishment, tortures of hell.’ The  root wī̆t, ‘to punish,’ is based on the common Aryan root wid, ‘to see,’ on which are based  videre,  ἰδεῖν  (for further cognates of this root see );   faírweitjan, ‘to look around,’ and witan, ‘to observe.’ The development of meaning is usually compared with that of  animadvertere, ‘to perceive, punish.’ Hence  is not directly connected with ; to the latter , ‘to misdirect’ (obsolete), is allied. —  ,, ‘to decay, rot,’ from verwësen ( *firwësan),  , ‘to come to nothing, pass away, destroy.’   frawisan, ‘to consume, waste, squander’ (note frawaírþan, ‘to be destroyed’). However clearly these seem to point to a connection with (root wës, ‘to be’), yet  wësanên, ‘to get dry, rotten,’  visenn, ‘faded, decayed,’ and  weornían, ‘to destroy,’ suggest a  and Aryan root wī̆s, ‘to decay,’ from which  ἰός,  virus (for *visus),  viša, ‘poison,’ are derived. —  ,, ‘administrator, manager,’ cannot of course be derived from the preceding word; it belongs to verwësen, ‘to manage, provide, look after’;  *faúrawisan, ‘to manage,’ recalls  *faúragaggja, ‘steward’ ( ‘predecessor’); thus the prefixes ver- of the two  words verwësen are of different origin.  ,, ‘past, late, former,’ from. , see. ,, ‘to decompose, decay,’ only. Allied to ‘to wither,’ from  widren, ‘to wither, vanish’; also primitively to  výstu (výsti), ‘to wither,’ pavaitínti, ‘to cause to wither.’ ,, ‘to pardon, excuse,’ from the  verzîhen, which usually means ‘to deny, refuse,’ then ‘to renounce, abandon.’ To this  and  are allied.  ,, ‘vespers, evening,’ from the  vësper,  vëspera, ,  which was adopted contemporaneously with monastic institutions (  and ), from  vespera (whence also  vespro,  vêpre). The kinship of the  with the  and  word is inconceivable, because the correspondence of  v with  v (f) is found only in  loan-words (see  and ).   ,, ‘slut,’ from late vëtel, ; formed from the   vetula.   ,, ‘cousin,’ from vęter, vętere, , ‘father's brother, brother's son,’  fętiro, faterro, fatureo, , ‘uncle’; for the change of meanings   and. The earlier meaning is ‘father's brother,’ as is indicated by the clear connection with, by fœdera, ‘uncle’ (with faðu, ‘aunt’), and also by the non- correspondences which point to Aryan paturyo-, patrwyo-, ‘uncle on the father's side.’   patruus,  πάτρως (from *πάτραος),  pîtṛvya, Zend tûirya (from *ptûrya), ‘fathers brother.’ In  dialects  has acquired the signification of , ‘sponsor, godfather’ ( pfętter,  to  patrino, see ), perhaps by connecting it with.   ,, ‘cattle, beast,’ from the  vihe, vëhe (with the  variant vich,  ),  fihu, fëhu,. The word is common to and Aryan;   faíhu,  feoh,  vee, ‘cattle.’ Corresponding to the   paçu,  pecu, pecus, which point to Aryan péku, ‘cattle.’ The word was probably applied originally only to domestic cattle ( also, ), for  paçu has the special sense ‘flock,’ and  pecus, ‘small cattle, sheep.’ Hence it is easily explicable how the word acquired in several groups the meanings ‘goods, possession, money’ (concerning the system of barter  also );   pecûlium, ‘property,’ pecûnia, ‘property, money,’  faíhu, ‘money,’  feoh, ‘cattle, money,’  fee.  , and, ‘much,’ from the   vil, vile,  filu,  and ; properly the  of a pre-  felu-, of which, however, the  dialects have preserved only scanty relics;   filu (and the  filaus, , ‘by much’),  feolu (feala),  veel,  filu, ‘much.’ The