Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/386

Tis  ink, inkt,  inkes, are based on the Romance cognates,  encre,  enques,  inchiostro (the ultimate source is - ἔγκαυστον).   ,, ‘table,’ from the  tisch,  tisc, ; corresponding to  disc,  disch. The word also means ‘dish,’ the antiquity of which is proved by  disč, ‘dish, bowl,’  dish. The - discus, on which the cognates are based, has the late signification ‘dish’ (post-classical; properly ‘disk’); yet also  desco, ‘table,’  dois, ‘table’ ( dais, ‘canopy, dais’).   ,, ‘title, claim,’ from titel (tittel),  titul, tital, ; from the   titulus, whence also  titre,  titolo.   ,, ‘narrow valley,’ from tobel,  tobal, , ‘forest ravine, valley’; a derivative of the  root dub, dup (see ), to which  daubà, dauburà, ‘valley,’  duplĭ, ‘hollow,’ dĭbrĭ, ‘valley, ravine,’ are  cognate (Aryan root dhup, dhub).  ,, ‘to fume, rage, bluster,’ from the  toben,  tôbên (tobôn),  ; corresponding to the   dofian, ‘delirare’ (gedof, ‘fury, rage, madness’). Based on the root dub, ‘to be mentally confused, to be deafened,’ from which  and  are also derived. Whether we have to assume on account of tûfar, tûbar, ‘silly, foolish,’ an Aryan root dhū̆p, dhū̆q, is dubious; perhaps  dúkti, ‘to grow mad,’ dúkis, ‘fury, madness,’ are  allied to the cognates of.  ,, ‘daughter,’ from the  tohter,  tohter, ; a common , and also a  Aryan term;   daúhtar,  dohtor,  daughter,  dochter,  dohtar, ‘daughter.’ The primit Aryan dhuktêr (dhugatêr), on which the  cognates are based, is indicated also by  duktě,  dŭšti;  further  θυγάτηρ,  duhitâr, Zend duγδar, ‘daughter.’ The Aryan word is usually considered to be a derivative of the  root dugh, ‘to milk,’ regarding  as  to ‘milker.’ This assumption is, however, quite as dubious as the derivation of , , and.   ,, ‘death,’ from the  tôt (d),  tôd, ; corresponding to  dauþus,  dôth,  dood,   deáþ,  death. A verbal abstract of the verbal root dau, which has been preserved in  deyja,   (whence the   to die);   dôian (from daujan),  and  touwen ( töuwen), , ‘to die.’  dau-þu- has the - suffix tu- (base dháu-tu-s). The cognate  tot, ‘dead,’ is based on the to  of the same root, dhā̆u ( dhautó), With these are connected in the non- languages  daviti, ‘to strangle,’  dóvyti, ‘to torment,’ which correspond as causatives to  dôjan (for *dôwjan), ‘to torment’ ( ‘to put to death’). The form of the root was dhē̆w, dhō̆w.  , see. ,, ‘mad, frantic, absurd,’ from and  tol (with one l), , ‘foolish, absurd,’ to which  tulisc, ‘foolish,’ is allied. ,, and dol, ‘foolish,’  dull. The root dul contained in these words has a variant dwal, which has been preserved in  dwals, foolish,  gedwëlan, ‘to err,’  gitwola, ‘infatuation, delusion, heresy,’  dwalm, ‘infatuation, delusion.’ An Aryan root dhwel, dhul, ‘to be infatuated, deluded,’ is also attested by  dhvṛ, dhûr (dhru), ‘to deceive, cheat, injure.’  ,, ‘blockhead, booby,’ from törpel, dörpel, properly dörper, dörpœre, , ‘peasant, clownish person, blockhead’; really identical with , ‘villager.’  dörper is a  and  form (for genuine  dorfœre). The form of the  word is explained by the fact that Flanders, the medium by which French terms relating to the court and chivalry were introduced into Germany, also furnished some words  to.   ,, ‘tone, sound,’ from tôn, dôn, , ‘sound, tone, voice, song melody’; from - tŏnus (τόνος), with lengthening of the ŏ;. Hence, , ‘to sound, resound,’ from  tœnen, dœnen. <section end="Ton" /> <section begin="Tonne" /> ,, ‘tun, cask, barrel,’ from the  tunne,  tunna,. A corresponding word with a similar form is preserved by ton,  tunne,  tun; according to these  cognates the  word ought to have an initial z, or rather the cognates an initial d. Hence the word must have been borrowed by one or the other, which is all the more probable since<section end="Tonne" />