Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/371

 uncertain. To this is allied the collective, , ‘stars, constellation,’ from  gestirne,  gistirni. —

,, ‘stern,’ only, comes from the   stern ( stjórn), a derivative of the root of.   ,, ‘tail, rump, plough handle,’ from the  and  stërz, ; corresponding to  staart,  steort,  start. A root stert, ‘to project' or ‘to turn ‘(see ), has been assumed to explain the cognates; others connect it with  στόρθη, ‘prong, projecting point.’  ,, ‘fixed, stable, constant,’ from the  stæte,  stâti,  (see the following word); a verbal  from the root sta in  ( ‘that which can stand'). To this is allied, , ‘steadily, constantly, always,’ from the  stætes, properly a  of the. ,, ‘constant, continual,’ from stætec (g), with the variant stæte ( stâti), , ‘firm, constant, stable'; properly a verbal  of. the preceding word.   (1.),, ‘aid, tax, duty, impost,’ from stiure,  stiura, , ‘duty, tax,’ properly ‘aid, contribution, support, help.’ With these general meanings the following word is connected.

 (2.),, ‘rudder, helm,’ from the late   stiure, ; properly a  word, originally belonging only to the Teutons on the sea-coast (in  stiura, , ‘rudder, stern');  stuur, ‘rudder,’  steór,  ( stern, see under ),  stýre, , ‘helm.’ To this is allied , ‘to steer, pilot,’ which originated under the influence of the substantive , from  and  stiuren, ‘to guide, lead, support';   stieren, sturen,  stŷran,  to steer, and the   stýra ( stiurjan), ‘to fix firmly, maintain.’ These cognates, on account of their undoubted connection with , , ‘duty' ( ‘support’?), have been linked with  starr, ‘stake,’ and the   σταυρός.   ,, ‘prick, thrust,’ from stich,  stih (hh), , ‘prick, point’ (  stiks, ‘period of time’), from this root stik (see ). To this ,, ‘graving tool, graver,’ from stichel,  stihhil, , ‘sting,’ is allied. —  ,, ‘to prick, stitch,’ is an intensive of by association with. ,, ‘to stitch, embroider,’ from sticken,  sticchen (from  *stikjan),  , ‘to pierce, thrust, stitch, embroider.’ Originally a variant of stikan, ‘to pierce,’ from the root stik (see , );   to stitch, from  *sticcan,  stikken. — To this, ‘to choke, suffocate,’ from the  ersticken,  irsticchen, is allied. ,, ‘to fly as dust, scatter, disperse,’ from the  stieben,  stiuban,. Allied to stuiven, and the cognates of ; see the latter and.   in compounds is preserved throughout the group only as the first component;   stiefbruoder, -kind, -muoter, -sun, -swester, -tohter, -vater;  stiuf-bruoder, -chint, &c. ( stief-broeder, -kind, &c.). Corresponding to steóp-sunu, -fœder,  step-father, &c.;  stjúpfaðer. That the word was used by itself at an earlier period is indicated by the derivatives stiufen, irstiufen, bistiufen, ‘to rob one of his relatives (parents or children),’  âstŷpan, ‘to rob.’ All further clue to its early history is unfortunately wanting.   ,, ‘boot,’ from the  stivel, stivâl ( stivâl?), ; the  variant stivâl points clearly to a loan-word from the   stivále,  (for v  to  v, f,  , ),  ‘a light summer covering made of leather for the feet’ (from  œstivale, ‘pertaining to summer’). The word was borrowed in (it does not occur in the other  dialects), probably in the 12th.    (1.),, ‘stair, staircase,’ from the  stiege,  stiega, ; the same as ; the broken  ie is similar to  wiege, ‘cradle,’ and schiec, ‘awry’ (see ).

 (2.),, in the sense of ‘score,’ has been derived from the allied  stîge, , ‘stall for small cattle’ (Swe. stia, ‘piasty’), it being assumed that a stall contained twenty sheep. Yet it is remarkable that the  stega was used in the 16th  in the sense of ‘score’ ( score,  ‘notch’;  snees, ‘score,’ lît, ‘row, series’).   ,, ‘goldfinch,’ from the  stigliz, stigeliz (tz) ; a  loan-word;  Czech stehlec (stehlic), ‘thistle-finch,’ and also. <section end="Stieglitz" />