Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/370

Ste meaning of the verbal root has been modified in — The  , ‘to raise, increase, put up to auction,’ allied to  and  steigen, ‘to cause something to ascend, to elevate or extol something,’ occurs in early  only; hence the  means  ‘to cause something to mount in price.’  ,, ‘steep,’ from the late the variants of which, steigel,  steigal, prove the origin of  ( ‘mounting’) from the cognates discussed under. steil, stœ̂gl, stœ̂ger, ‘steep’; to these are allied  stëcchal, stëhhal,  stëckel (stëchel), ‘steep,’, , , and  štickel, ‘steep’ (in the  dialects  seems to be entirely unknown).  ,, ‘stone,’ from the  and  stein, ; corresponding to  stains,  steinn,  stân,  stone (to which   steen, ‘stone vessel,’ from  stœ̂ne, ‘pitcher’ is allied;   steinna, ‘pitcher’),  steen,  stên. The common staino- is related pre-historically to  stěna, ‘wall’ (stĕnĭnŭ, ‘rocky, stony’), as well as to  στία, στῖον, ‘pebble.’ —   , see under (1).   ,, ‘rump, buttocks’ (with ei instead of eu), from the   and  stī̆uz (hence also the early  variant ), , corresponding to  stuit. It is probably based on a stī̆wot-, which is  allied to  stîva, ‘plough handle.’   ,, ‘place, spot, situation, office,’ from stal, , ‘standing-place’ , or more probably a recent derivative of ,  and  stęllen, ‘to put up, erect, fix, establish,’ a denominate of  stallo-, ‘standing place,’ discussed under. From the Aryan root stel, ‘to stand’ (an extended form of Aryan stā̆, see ),  and, and especially  στέλλω, ‘to put, send,’ στόλος, ‘expedition,’  sthûna (for sthulṇa), ‘pillar,’ sthal, ‘to stand firm.’ To this word  and  are also allied.   ,, ‘stilt, wooden leg,’ from the  stęlze,  stęlza, ; corresponding to  stelt,  stylte,  stylta, and the   stilt. Probably a genuine word, the early history of which is, however, obscure.  ,, ‘to stem, check, oppose,’ from  and  stęmmen (stęmen), ‘to check, restrain, cause to stand.’ For the root stam, see under , ,.  ,, ‘stamp, die, pestle,’ only, properly a  word, of which the  form is stęmpfel;   stempel, allied to.   ,, ‘stem, stalk,’ from tho  stęngel,  stęngil; a diminutive of. <section end="Stengel" /> , ‘to quilt, stitch,’ from  stëppen, ‘to prick here and there, sew in rows, stitch’; an intensive form from the root of. ,, ‘to die,’ from the  stërben,  stërban,  , corresponding to  stërƀan,  sterven,  steorfan, ‘to die,’  to starve. In East this term is wanting ( the root discussed under ). , however, preserves a corresponding starf,, ‘work, trouble, effort,’ to which starfa, ‘to take pains,’ and stjarfe, ‘tetanus, locked jaw,’ are allied. The parallel development of οἱ καμόντες, ‘the dead,’ from κάμνω, ‘to take pains,’ shows that we may assign, on the basis of the  words, the primary meaning ‘to torment oneself’ to the West  stërban. Unfortunately the early history of the root sterb is obscure. For the Aryan root for ‘to die’ see under. <section begin="Sterke" /> ,, ‘cow’; see. <section end="Sterke" /> <section begin="Sterling" /> ,, from sterlinc (g), , ‘a coin,’ whence  sterling. The word sterlinc (stœrlinc) indicates by its formation, which is similar to that of  and, that it is an old word; its early history is, however, obscure. <section end="Sterling" /> <section begin="Stern" /> ,, ‘star,’ from the  stërne,  sterno,  ( and  variant stërn);   staírnô, ,  stjarna, , ‘star.’  stër-no seems to be linked with  sun-no, mâ-no, like  staírnô, , with  sun-nô, ; the earlier  variant stërre,  and  stërro, lead to  ster, star,  steorra,  star. The primary stem ster is common in the same sense to the Aryan group ( and ); to it correspond  star, Zend stare,  ἀστήρ, ἀστρον,  stella (for *sterula). Whether this root ster belongs to the Aryan root stṛ, ‘to scatter’ (, ‘dispenser of light’?), or to the  root as, ‘to throw’ (,  ‘thrower of rays’?), is altogether<section end="Stern" />