Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/366

Spu ‘bunghole, valve in the tube of a pump.’ The persistent t of the inflected form points of itself to the foreign origin of the term, and still more so the  variants punct and pfunt, as well as    and  (as to the period when the word was borrowed,  ). spon, spun, ‘bung,’ and bonde, ‘sluice, plug,’ bondon, ‘bung,’ are corresponding terms, derived from the  words, which are based on  puncta, ‘prick, puncture, opening made inn pipe.’ With regard to the s of  spunt,   spuntone, ‘spontoon,’ spuntare, ‘to blunt, allied to  punctum.   ,, ‘track, trace, footsteps, vestige,’ from spur (spür),  and , ‘footstep,’ beside which the   and  spor occurs; connected with the  and Aryan root sper (see ), ‘to tread.’ To this is allied the  denominative , ‘to trace, investigate, discover,’ from  spürn,  spuren, spurren, and spurien,  ,  ‘to follow in search of the track of game,’ then ‘to go in quest of, trace, examine.’ This figurative sense recurs in all the  languages (  speuren,  spyrian,  spyrja), and is probably a relic of the terms used by  hunters.  ,, ‘to speed, make haste,’ from the  *spuoten (not recorded),  spuotôn; allied to  and  spuot, , ‘success, dispatch,’ which is the abstract of  and  spuon (spuoan), ‘to succeed, be successful’ ( is wanting in  and ). To the same cognates speed, from  spéd, ‘success’ ( spôwan, ‘to make progress’),  spoed, ‘haste,’ spoeden, ‘to hasten.’ With the root spô (spê) contained in these words,  sphâ, ‘to swell, grow, thrive,’ and  spěją (spěti), ‘to be successful,’ are connected; so too perhaps  spatium.  ,, to.   ,, ‘state, country, pomp, show,’ only, borrowed, like  staat, and  state, from  status, whence also  état and  stato. The meaning ‘display’ also belongs to état. is a totally different word.   ,, ‘staff, stick, staff-officers,’ from and  stap ( stabes), , ‘stick,  staff’; a common  word, represented also by  stafs (b),  stœf,  staff,  staf ( also  -  under ). Its relation to the similarly sounding  stabên, ‘to be stiff’) leads to an Aryan root stap, ‘to be firm,’ which is implied by  sthâpay, ‘to cause to stand, erect,’ or to Aryan stabh in  stábas, stóbras, ‘statue,’ ‘staff, buttress.’   ',, ‘sting, prickle, goad,’ from the   (very rarely) stachel,  stahhulla (stacchulla), ; a rather late derivative of .   ', , ‘barn,’ from the   stadel,  stadal, ; an old derivative of the Aryan root stā̆, ‘to stand,’  signifying ‘standing-place’;   stabulum, ‘stable,’ allied to stare, ‘to stand,’  sthâtra, ‘standing-place,’ allied to sthâ, ‘to stand.’   also.   , , ‘bank, shore,’ from the   stade,  stado, ; corresponding to  staþ,  stœþ,  stath, ‘bank.’ The common  stem staþo- (with which ,  only, is connected) is formed from the Aryan root stā̆ (see  and ), and signifies ‘bank’ in the sense of ‘terra firma,’  is the genuine  word for the   and. <section end="Staden" /> <section begin="Stadt" /> ,, ‘city, town,’ from stat, , ‘place, situation, spot, locality, town,’  stat, , ‘place, spot.’ Prop. identical with and  (the meaning ‘town’ was first developed in the  period; the earlier term was,  and  burc, ). See. <section end="Stadt" /> <section begin="Staffel" /> ,, ‘rung; step, degree,’ from staffel (stâffel, usually stapfel),  and , ‘grade, degree,’  stā̆ffal (stapsal), , staffala, , ‘foundation, basis, step.’ A derivative of the  root stap, ‘to go’ (in  and ); allied to the  cognates of. <section end="Staffel" /> <section begin="Staffette" /> ,, ‘courier, special messenger,’ only; see. <section end="Staffette" /> <section begin="Stahl" /> ,, ‘steel,’ from the  stahel,  and  (contracted stâl, with the variant stachel),  stahal (stâl, *stahhal); corresponding to  staal,  stŷle, steli, ,  steel, and the   stâl ( *stakla-),. A pre- form staklo- is implied by the cognate stakla, ‘steel.’ Other corresponding terms are wanting in the Aryan languages (so too in the case of  and  the  terms are related only to the ). <section end="Stahl" /> <section begin="Staken" /> ,, ‘stake, pale, boat-hook,’<section end="Staken" />