Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/364

Spo used. splinter, and the  splint, splinter, derived from the nasalised root.   ,, ‘mould,’ allied to spœr, ‘dry, rough,’  spôri, ‘mellow, rotten’; cognate terms are wanting.   ',, ', , ‘spur,’ from the  spor, spore,  sporo, ; corresponding to  spoor,  spora, spura,  spur, and the   spore. From the cognates are derived the  terms,  sprone and  eperon, ‘spur.’  sporo,, ‘spur,’ is based on a  verbal root sper, ‘to kick,’ which is preserved in  , , and  to spurn,  , , and  spurnan, ‘to tread,’ with which  sphur, ‘to kick away,’  σπαίρω, ‘to struggle’ ( sperno, ‘I despise,’ has a figurative sense), and  spìrti, ‘to tread,’ are  allied. also ( ‘sprawler’?). Since the sense of the Aryan root sper is ‘to kick,’  cannot be connected with it.   ,, ‘fees, perquisites,’ only, formed from the   sportula.   ,, ‘mockery, banter, scorn, laughing-stock,’ from and  spot ( spottes), , ‘mockery, scorn, disgrace’; its early occurrence in  shows that it is a genuine  word. It is remarkable that the  have a medial tt in the corresponding words;   spot,  spott,, ‘mockery.’  and  spotten, ‘to mock, scoff at,’  spottôn,  to  spotten and OIc spotta. The cognates seem to imply a *spuþþôn (for  þþ,  to  tt, see ), whose origin cannot be discovered. spûtum is scarcely allied.   ,, ‘speech, language, utterance,’ from the  sprâche,  sprâhha. An abstract of  ( sprœ̂č), ‘to speak, say, utter,’ which comes from the   sprëchen,  sprëhhan, a   peculiar to the West  languages;   sprëkan,  spreken,  sprëcan. The corresponding to speak (and speech), from  spëcan (and spœ̂č), points to a  root spek, which appears also in  spëhten, ‘to chatter.’ The  root sprek has no cognates in the non- languages; it is perhaps related to  sphûrj, ‘to rustle.’ For an obsolete term, also mean - ing ‘to speak,’ see under ; the current term in the   is.   ,, ‘starling,’ only,  a  word;   sprâ,  spreeuw, North  sprïan, ‘starling.’ Origin obscure. From an  the   esprohon was borrowed.  ,, ‘to spread, strew,’ from and  spreiten,  , ‘to unfold’; a primary form also occurs,  sprîten, sprîden, ‘to spread.’   spreiden, spreijen,  sprœ̂dan,  to spread. The root sprī̆þ has not yet been found in the non- languages; no connection with  is possible. ,, ‘to spread open, stride,’ earlier ,  ‘to stretch upwards like a prop or buttress,’ from  and  spriutzen ‘to  support.’ Allied to  spriuȥ, ‘buttress,’ which is derived from the stem of.  ,, ‘sprinkling brush; diocese, jurisdiction,’ from spręngel, , ‘brush for sprinkling holy water, sprinkle,’ with a remarkable change of meaning. — <section end="Sprengel" /> ,, ‘to burst, break open, blow up,’ from and  spręngen, ‘to cause to spring,’ is a causative of. <section begin="Sprenkel" />  (1.),, ‘springe, noose, snare,’ only, from ;   sprenkel, ‘loop in a cable.’ The latter, like  sprinka,  sprinke, , ‘bird-trap,’ is based on a  form springjô, from which  springe is also derived. This form is probably cognate with  sprìngti, ‘to choke,’ sprangùs, ‘choking,’  sprangāt, ‘to cord, confine.’

 (2.),, ‘speck, spot,’ from  spręnkel, sprinkel, , ‘spot,’ for which in  a form sprëckel without a nasal is used (also *sprünkel in sprünkelëht, ‘spotted’), allied to  sprekla,  spräkla, ‘little spot,’ Swiss šprigel, šprägel. These cognates may be connected with to freak, freckle, and further with  περκνός,  pṛçni, ‘spotted, variegated,’ if sprek (spreg) and prek (preg) be regarded as the Aryan roots (with regard to the interchange of sp and p,  that of st and t under  and ). In that case there would probably be no historic connection between and. <section end="Sprenkel" /> <section begin="Spreu" /> ,, ‘chaff,’ from the  and  spriu ( spriuwes), <section end="Spreu" />