Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/362

Spe which is usually connected with pîvan, ‘fat,’  πίων, ‘fat,’ Zend pivaṅh, ‘bacon,’ the w being assumed to be changed into q (see  and ).   ,, ‘spear,’ from the  and  spër, ; common to , with the corresponding terms,  spjǫr, , ‘spear,’  spëre,  spear,  speer,  spër (from  spër is derived  espier). It is uncertain how the word is connected with sparus, ‘hunting-spear’; it may be cognate, or the two languages may have borrowed it from a third. Its relation to and  is doubtful.   ,, ‘spoke,’ from the  speiche,  speihha, ; a West  word;   spâce,  spoke,  speek,  spêca, ‘spoke.’ Its connection with  spahha, ‘chip, stick,’  spaak, ‘rafter,’ is not certain. is derived from a  spī̆k; so too the cognates of  , whose first component is  (simply ) spîcher,, ‘nail.’ This corresponds to  spijker, ‘nail,’  spik, ‘spike, sprig,’ and  spike.   ,, ‘spittle, saliva,’ from the  speichel,  speihhilla, speihhila, ; allied to  speeksel ( *spaikuldr?), ‘spittle.’ It is uncertain in what way these cognates are connected with the root spîw, ‘to spit’ (see  and ).   ,, ‘granary, corn-loft,’ from the  spîcher,  spîhheri (spîhhâri), ; corresponding to  spîkâri and  spijker. The permutation of the medial k to hh in indicates that the word was borrowed before the 8th  (see ). spîcârium, ‘granary,’ was probably introduced in the 4th from the South of Europe with the art of building in stone (see, also  and ); it is remarkable, however, that the word rarely occurs in the  languages;  is also wanting in. also.  ,, ‘to spit, vomit,’ from the  spîen,  spîwan,  ; a root  common to  and found also in other Aryan languages. speiwan, spýja,  and  spîwan,  spew and  spuwen, ‘to spit’; corresponding to the   spuo,  πτύω,  spiáuju,  pljują,  šṭhîv. and are also connected probably with this common Aryan root spī̆w, ‘to spit.’  ,, ‘food,’ from the  spîse,  spîsa, ; borrowed in the beginning of the 9th  from  and  spêsa for spensa (with regard to  î for  ê, see  and ). spesa, ‘expenditure, expenses’ (whence ), from spéndere, ‘to spend’ (see ),  to  expendere. may have been borrowed contemporaneously with ; further  mêsa and  miasa, from  mensa.   ', ',, ‘spelt,’ from the  spëlte, spëlze,  spëlta, spëlza, ; corresponding. to, , and spelt. The form spëlza ( to  spelt) was borrowed, as the z indicates, prior to the  period (perhaps contemporaneously with, , and ) from  and  spelta, while the  variant spëlta points to  spelda. also with these épeautre, ‘spelt.’   ',, ‘spending, alms,’ from spënde,  spënta, , ‘present, gift, alms.’  ', , ‘bestow as a gift, spend, distribute,’ from  spënden,  spëntôn, ‘to distribute gratuitously,’ which was borrowed about the 7th  from  and  spéndere ( to  expendere), ‘to spend’ (to which   belongs); allied to  to spend. <section end="Spende" /> <section begin="Spengler" /> ,, ‘tinker,’ from the  spęngeler; a derivative of  spęngel and spange, ‘metal ornament, clasp.’ <section end="Spengler" /> <section begin="Sperber" /> ,, ‘sparrow-hawk,’ from the  spęrwœre, sparwœre,  sparwâri,  (  sperwer). A derivative of the sparwa-, ‘sparrow’ (see ); hence sparwâri is  ‘bird of prey that lives on sparrows’ (in  also sprinze,, ‘female sparrow-hawk’). sparwā̆ri is a compound of aro, ‘eagle’;  mûs-ari, chranuh-ari, and  gôs-heafoc, mûs-heafoc, spear-heafoc (‘sparrow-hawk,’ like  sparw-ari). aro, ‘eagle,’ may appear as ari in the second part of a compound. From are derived the  terms,  sparaviere,  épervier. <section end="Sperber" /> <section begin="Sperberbaum" /> ,, ‘service-tree,’ is a corruption of spërboum, the origin of which is obscure. <section end="Sperberbaum" /> <section begin="Sperling" /> ,, ‘sparrow,’ from the  spęrlinc (g), a  of  spar,  sparo, , ‘sparrow’ (  starling, allied to  ), which represents the common  name of the bird. sparwa, spęrr,<section end="Sperling" />