Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/308

Rif  ', ',, ‘flax-comb, ripple; censure,’ probably allied to riffeln, rifeln, ‘to comb or hatchel flax,’ riffel, ‘mattock,’  riffila, ‘saw.’  has similar figurative terms for ‘to find fault with, inveigh against’ (similar to , ‘to censure’). .   ,, ‘horned cattle,’ from the  rint ( rindes),  rind, earlier hrind, ;  *hrinþis, , is wanting;  hrŷþer (hrîðer, hrîð-),  rother,  rund, ‘horned cattle,’ imply  *hrunþis, a graded variant allied to ,  *hrinþis. hrind is usually connected, like, with the stem ker, ‘horn, horned’ (see ), appearing in κέρας, and also with  κριός, ‘ram.’ The  word is, however, probably not allied to these words.   ,, ‘rind, crust, bark,’ from rinde,  rinta, , ‘rind of trees, crust,’ also (rarely) ‘bread-crust’; corresponding to  rind,  rind. Its kinship with and  is undoubted; their common root seems to be rem, ram, ‘to cease, end’;    reoma, rima,  rim. Some etymologists connect it with rimis, ‘repose’;   ram, ‘to cease, rest.’   ,, ‘ring, circle, link,’ from rinc ( ringes),  ring, earlier hring,. ‘ring, hoop, circular object’;  hring,  ring,  hring,  ring,  hringr,. The common word, which implies a casually non-existent  *hriggs, denoted a circle, and everything of a circular form. Pre- krengho- appears also in the corresponding krągŭ,, ‘circle,’ krąglŭ, ‘round.’ From the  word, which also signifies ‘assembly’ (grouped in a circle), are derived the  cognates,  aringo, ‘rostrum,’  harangue, ‘public speech,’ and  rang.   ,, ‘ringlet, curl,’ of the preceding word;  ringele, ‘marigold,’  ringila, , ‘marigold, heliotrope.’  ,, ‘to encircle; wring, wrestle, strive,’ from ringen, ‘to move to and fro, exert oneself, wind,’  ringan, from an earlier *wringan;   wringen, ‘to wring, squeeze,’  wringan,  to wring;  *wriggan is implied by wruggô, ‘snare.’ The root wring, identical with the root wrank (see ), meant  ‘to turn in a winding manner, move  with effort.’ With this are connected  ,  wrong,  wrang, ‘bent, perverted, wrong’ ( rangr, ‘bent, wrong,’  wrang, ‘sour, bitter’), and  to wrangle. Perhaps (root wrg) is allied;  to ring is, however, not connected, since it comes from  hringan.  , ‘large ring, buckle,’ an word, from  rinke,  and, ‘buckle, clasp,’ whence  rinkel, ‘small buckle’; an old derivative of  ( rinka, from the  form *hringjôn).   ,, ‘channel, gutter, groove,’ from rinne, ,  rinna, , ‘watercourse,’  also ‘gutter, eavestrough.’   rinnô, , ‘brook,’ and  rynele,  rindle. Connected with the following word.  ,, ‘to run, flow, leak, drop, from rinnen,  rinnan, ‘to flow, swim, run.’ This  is common to  in the same sense;  rinnan,  irnan,  to run,  runnen,  rinnan; the  sense of all these is ‘to move on rapidly.’ The nn of  rinnan is usually regarded as a part of the  stem for no (  δάκνω,  sper-no), and a root ren, run, is assumed, which is preserved in  ryne (from *runi-).   (Luther, ),, ‘rib,’ from rippe (ribe),  and ,  rippa, , rippi (ribi),  ‘rib’; corresponding to the   rib, ribbe,  ribb,  rib,  rif;  *ribi,  ( *ribja), is by chance not recorded. ribja-, from pre- rebhyo-, is cognate with  and  rebro,, ‘rib,’ from rebhro-. See, where ‘entwining’ is deduced as the meaning of. <section end="Rippe" /> <section begin="Rispe" /> ,, ‘panicle,’ from rispe, ‘f., ‘branches, bushes,’ akin to  hrispahi, , ‘bushes’; of obscure origin. The derivation from hrëspan,  rëspen, ‘to pluck, gather,’ is not quite satisfactory. <section end="Rispe" /> <section begin="Rist" /> ,, ‘wrist, instep; withers,’ from rist, riste, , , and , ‘wrist, instep’;  *rist, as well as the implied earlier *wrist, are by chance not recorded;   wrist ,  wyrst, wrist,  wrist,  riust, wirst, ‘wrist, ankle,’  rist, , ‘instep’;  *wrists is not recorded. The meaning of the cognates is usually assumed to be ‘turning-point,’  being referred to a<section end="Rist" />