Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/297

Rac these cognates with corvus,  κόραξ, ‘raven,’  cornir, and  κορώνη, ‘crow,’ belong to the same root; yet the  form has a peculiar structure of its own, which, contrary to the usual assumption, presents some difficulties.   ,, ‘revenge, vengeance,’ from râche,  râhha, ; allied to.   ,, ‘throat, jaws, abyss,’ from the  rache,  rahho, , for the earlier *hrahho;   hraca, , ‘throat,’ perhaps also  hracca, ‘back of the head, nape,’  rack, ‘neck of mutton’; also  raak, ‘back part of the palate, inner parts of the month.’ Further references for determining the origin of the word are wanting; no relation to  is possible.   ,, ‘to revenge, avenge,’ from rëcken,  rëhhan, older *wrëhhan, ‘to revenge, obtain satisfaction for some one’; corresponding to  wrikan, ‘to persecute,’ gawrikan, ‘to avenge,’  wrëcan, ‘to drive out, revenge, chastisise’  to wreak, to which wreak is akin,  wreken, ‘to revenge,’ and wraak, wrake, , ‘revenge,’  wrekan, ‘to chastise.’ The  root wrek ( also , , ) with the  meaning ‘to pursue, or rather expel, especially with the idea of punishment,’ is derived from a pre- wreg, werg. It is usually compared with urgeo, ‘I oppress,’  root vṛj, ‘to turn away,’  εἴργω, ‘enemy,’  rárgas, ‘distress’ (vàrgti, ‘to be in want’), which imply an Aryan root werg, wreg.   ,, ‘layer, hangman's servant,’ only;   rakker, ‘beadle, hangman.’ Lessing suggested that it was allied to , ‘to put to the rack.’ It is now usually connected with  racken, ‘to sweep together,’ and  racker, ‘flayer, knacker, nightman.’   ,, ‘wheel,’ from the  rat ( rades),  rad, ; corresponding to  and  rad ( also  reth). The word is confined to ; it is wanting in, , and ; this, however, is no reason for assuming that the word is borrowed from  rota. Since rad is based on pre- rotho-m, rothos,, ( *raþa-), ‘wheel,’ it is  cognate with the   roth, , and  rota, and likewise with  rátas, ‘wheel.’ The corresponding  ratha-s (rathas,  in ráthas-páti)  signifies ‘car,’  ‘war chariot’ (for the root roth see under ), while  cakra,  κύκλος, corresponding to  hweol,  wheel, also means ‘wheel’ in Aryan. —   ,, from the  radebrechen, ‘to break on the wheel, mangle,’ akin to  radbraken, ‘to mutilate, mangle, murder a language,’ See , ,.  ,, ‘ringleader,’ only, allied to   ( of ), ‘small circle of persons, ranks, dancing-song’; as to the evolution of meaning   ringleader, allied to ring.  <section begin="Raden" /> ,, ‘cockle-weed,’ from râde, usually râte, ratte, râten, ratten, , ‘a weed among corn,’  râto, ratto, ; so too  râda, , ‘weed.’ In  and Henneberg râdme occurs, in Swiss and  ratte. Perhaps the numerous forms of this simply  word point to a   râþwo- ( form rêtwo-). cognate terms in the non- languages have not yet been discovered. <section end="Raden" /> <section begin="Räder" /> ',, also ', ‘sieve,’ allied to rëden,  rëdan, ‘to sift, winnow.’ The  stem is probably hreþ-, hence the word may be related to  krétalas, ‘sieve,’ kreczù, ‘to shake’; allied also perhaps to  cer-nere, ‘to sift’ (creteus, ‘sifted’). <section end="Räder" /> ,, ‘to snatch, carry off suddenly,’ from raffen,  *raffôn (by chance not recorded), ‘to pluck, pull out, snatch away’; corresponding to  and  rapen, ‘to gather hastily.’  to raff is derived from  raffer, which, like  arraffare, is borrowed from ; on the other hand,  to rap is  allied to. raspôn (for rafspôn), raspen, ‘to collect hastily,’ and  arrappare, ‘to carry off,’ are also connected with the  root hrap. ,, ‘to project, stand forth,’ from ragen ( hragén), ‘to project, become rigid, be prominent’; allied to  rac, , ‘tense, stiff, astir’; also to  oferhragian, ‘to tower above’; see  and. <section begin="Rahe" /> ',, also ' (under and  influence), ‘yard’ (of a ship), from  rahe, , ‘pole’; corresponding to  ra, ‘sail-yard,’  rá, , ‘sail-yard’ ( *răha, , ‘pole’). is native, both to and ;   raχe, ‘pole.’

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