Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/288

Pfl  initial pf from p indicates, previous to the period (see ) from  prûnum, ‘plum,’ or rather its  prûna. The change of gender in names of fruit was made even in the group, as is shown by the words corresponding to  cerasum, pomum, morum, and pirum; see  and. Hence the late pfrûma,, ‘plum,’ in closer connection with the  form, and also pflûmo, ‘plum-tree.’ The s of the  word is changed into l, as in  morus,  to  ( also , from  peregrînus, which has, besides, m for  n). Numerous and   forms, as well as the corresponding  pruim, likewise contain r;, on the other hand,  plûme,  plum. The derivatives of  prûnum are  prune,  prugna,  pruna (in  too forms with l and m occur instead of r and n; m, moreover, appears in South-East  ). As to the time when the word was borrowed, see.  ,, ‘to nurse, cherish, indulge in, be accustomed to,’ from pflëgen,  pflëgan, ‘to take care of, take a friendly interest in, provide for, protect, carry on, be wont or accustomed to,’  and early  also ‘to promise, stand security for.’ It corresponds to  plëgan, ‘to promise, stand security, be answerable for,’  plegen, ‘to nurse, execute, do, be accustomed’; also to  plëgian, ‘to move on rapidly, play,’  to play. The and  plevir, ‘to assure, stand security,’ to which no definite  and  original can be assigned, is derived rather from   ( and ) than the reverse. pledge originated in pleige,  plegium. Although the West cognates must have existed perhaps as early as the 4th, nothing definite can be asserted concerning their origin and their numerous meanings, the base of which seems to be ‘to act affectionately for, or in conjunction with, some one’; to this  βλέφαρον, ‘eye,’ as well as βλέπειν, ‘to see’ (Aryan root glegh?), is perhaps  allied. If the cognates have been borrowed, their source cannot be determined; is out of the question, since it contains no suitable root from which they can be derived. See.  ,, ‘obligation, duty, allegiance,’ from and  pfliht, , ‘friendly  care, nursing, intercourse, sympathy, service, obligation’; a verbal abstract from ; allied to  pliht, ‘danger,’  plight, as well as  pleón, ‘to risk,’ and pleóh, ‘danger’.   ,, from the late  pfloc ( -ckes), , and pflocke, , ‘plug, peg’; corresponding to  plug,  and ,  to the   and  plug. The word seems to be unknown to.   ,, ‘to pluck, gather,’ from the  pflücken ( pflocken);  *pflucchen is by chance not recorded;   plukken,  pluccian ( *plyččan may be inferred from  plicchen),  to pluck,  plokka, ‘to pluck’ (birds). Since the word is so widely diffused in (it is wanting only in ; yet note Swiss blucke, ‘to pluck,’ from the  form *bluggôn) there is absolutely no foundation for supposing that it has been borrowed. If it be assumed that the cognates found their way to the North with the South culture of the vine in the 2nd or 3rd, from  piluccare, ‘to gather grapes’ ( pelucar, ‘to pluck out,’  éplucher), then the early existence of the  word must be more definitely established.   ,, from the  pfluoc ( -ges), ,  pfluog, pfluoh, , ‘plough’; corresponding to the   ploeg,  plôh,  plough,  plógr. These cognates, which were diffused in at an early period, as may be inferred from the agreement of the dialects, curiously correspond to the  class,  and  plugŭ ( pliugas), though the normal permutation does not take place in. The word is probably borrowed from the  original, which was perhaps acquired during the migratory period;. plôgo also appears in Rhæto- and in Upper ; plof,  piò. likewise contained many terms for ‘plough’ which afterwards became obsolete; sulh ( allied to  sulcus),  hôha,  arl,  ęrida. —   ,, ‘ploughshare,’ late pfluocschar,  ploughschare,  ploughshare; allied like  schar,  and ,  scaro, ‘ploughshare,’ to.   ,, ‘door, gate, portal,’ from the  pforte,   pforta, ; borrowed in the  period, 