Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/284

Pei  ,, from the  pîne, pîn,  pîna, , ‘pain, punishment, torture’; adopted during the  period on the introduction of Christianity from  poena, which was pronounced pêna in  (  pena);  ê appears in  as î in other cases also (see  and ),   pîna,  pijn,  pîn,  pine (a later variant of pain); also  pían ( péne).   ,, ‘whip, lash,’ early , from bič ( bicz).   ,, ‘laced coat, hussar's jacket,’ from bekiesza.   ,, ‘pelican,’ from pellicân, , formed from  pelicanus.   ,,  to  pel,  peel.   ,, from the  bellîȥ, belz, pelz, , ‘fur,’ borrowed in the 10th  ( pellĭȥ) from the  - pellicia, ‘fur’;   pelliccia,  pelisse. It corresponds to pylce,  pelt.   , ‘pen-case,’  only, formed from  pennale; with this   meaning, ‘grammar-school, high-school, pupil.’ To the students at the university the school might seem as a huge array of pen-cases, and “in jest the freshman too was called a ‘pen-case,’ probably because he attended lectures regularly, and so carried his pen-case with him.”   ,, ‘pearl,’ from the  përle, bërle,  bërla, përala, ; a foreign word, as the fluctuating initial sound indicates. It corresponds to the cognates,  perla,  perle, whence also  pearl; derived probably from  *pirula, ‘little pear.’ In, marikreitus, a corrupt form of  margarita, was used, corresponding to  mere-greót,  męri-grioȥ,  męregrieȥ. — <section end="Perle" /> <section begin="Perlmutter" /> ,, ‘mother of pearl, late , formed like mère-perle ( madre-perla); so too  mother of pearl. is ‘producer of pearls inside the mussel.’ <section end="Perlmutter" /> <section begin="Pest" /> ,, ‘pest, plague,’ only, from  pestis. — <section end="Pest" /> <section begin="Pestilenz" /> , ‘pestilence,’ even in  pestilenzie, pestilenz,, from  pestilentia. <section end="Pestilenz" /> <section begin="Petersilie" /> ,, ‘parsley,’ from pêtersil, , pêtersilje, ,  pêtarsile; borrowed from  petrosilium ( πετροσέλινον), ‘parsley.’ In the   a shortened form is found, ,. <section end="Petersilie" /> <section begin="Petschaft" /> ,, ‘signet, seal,’ from petschat, petschaft, ; borrowed from the   pečet ( pečati); the f of the  and  words was introduced by associating them with. <section end="Petschaft" /> <section begin="Petze" /> ,, ‘bitch, she-bear’; early ; its relation to the  bitch (from  bičče) and  biche is uncertain. <section end="Petze" /> <section begin="Pfad" /> ,, from the  pfat ( pfades),  pfad, , ‘path, track’;  *path is wanting;  pad,  pœþ, ,  path. The word is unknown to, and thus the difficulty of determining its origin is greatly enhanced. The prevalent opinion, which is based on the supposition, probably correct in the main, that the words beginning with pf and  p are borrowed, is satisfied with the phonetic similarity to  πάτος, ‘path, road,’ to prove the fact that  is borrowed from the latter. With regard to this point we have to take into account the þ of the word, which is assumed by, and which proves the existence of  in  before the beginning of our era. But has no such early loanwords of  origin (see ). As we have no data, we cannot decide whether the word was introduced through a foreign medium; it is possible the word was borrowed indirectly from, but the assumption that it was adopted directly from is equally valid;  Zend paþ (also paþan, panþan), ‘way.’ In the latter case it must have passed into  after the   permutation;  was borrowed before this period. Its kinship with  πάτος, ‘way’ ( panthan, path, Zend paþan), must be decidedly rejected because  f would correspond to p in the non- languages. . <section end="Pfad" /> <section begin="Pfaffe" /> ,, ‘priest, parson,’ from pfaffe,  pfaffo, , ‘priest’; corresponding to  and  pape, ‘priest’; the common  form is păpo. The term is clericus. The usual assumption that the word is derived from pâpa, which was in the Western Church a respectful term applied to bishops and a title of the Pope, does not account for the fact that the term means ‘priest’ in all the  dialects of, and therefore must be decidedly rejected. In the Greek Church a distinction was made<section end="Pfaffe" />