Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/280

Orl  ,, only, formed from the   oorlogsschip, , ‘man-of-war,’ which is derived from orlog, ‘war,’ corresponding to  orlagi, ‘war,’  orlege,  urliuge,  urliugi, ‘war.’    (1.),, ‘awl,’ in this sense only, and identical with  (2).

 (2.),, ‘place, spot, region,’ from ort,  and , ‘sharp point end, beginning, corner, angle, border, place,’  ort,  and , does not occur in the  sense of ‘place.’ The meaning ‘point, corner,’ is the orig one;   ord, , ‘point,’  and  ord. ‘point of a weapon’ (for a similar evolution of meaning . The r of the word originated in s, z;  *uzda- is by chance not recorded; it is assumed by  oddr, ‘point,’ the dd of which points to  zd. In  (1) the earlier meaning is still dimly seen. See also  (3).

 (3.), and, ‘quarter, quart,’ from  ort,  and , ‘fourth part of a measure, weight, or coin’; corresponding to  oord, ‘a fourth part of a coin, measure, &c.’ Identical with  (2). “This meaning is approximately derived from the square coins divided by a cross into pieces with four, i.e., ‘corners,’ and afterwards transferred to measure and weight. Thus in Germany and Austria, when, in the year 1849, the florin notes were divided into four parts to serve as change, a single part was called or, ‘a little corner,’ and this expression was then generally used for a quarter of a florin.” The earlier assumption that this word was based on  quarto, ‘fourth part,’ must be rejected.   ,, ‘ear, hook,’ from late and early  ( and ) œse, , ‘ear, hook, handle’; the usual assumption that the word is borrowed from  ansa, ‘handle,’ is not to be preferred to the opinion that  and  are identical, and that the s from which the r of  and  is derived is preserved in ; see.   ,, from the  ôsten,  and ,  ôstan,  and , ‘east’; the form  is wanting in  and ; it has probably been recently coined;   and ,  and ,  and. Yet even in eást,  east, occurs, whence  est. —  ,, from ôsten, ôstene, ‘in, to, or from the east,’  ôstana, ‘from the  east,’ so too  eástene, ‘in the east,’ eástan, ‘from the east,’  ôstan, ôstana, ‘from the east’;  and  ôstar, ‘to the east.’ The stem austa- (in  austr,  austrs, ), on which these words are based, is undoubtedly connected with the  term for ‘dawn’;  Aryan *ausôs,  ušâs,  aurôra (for *ausôs-a),  ἠώς,  auszrà, ‘dawn.’ Since, in other instances, the names for the periods of the day have been applied to the cardinal points, e.g., , , &c., the dawn might be used for the east, especially as  in  signifies ‘east’ (in  the old terms for the cardinal points are almost obsolete). also.  ,, ‘birth-wort,’ first occurs in early ; corrupted from the term aristolochia, “in order to give at least a  air and some apparent meaning to the word.”   , plur, from the   ôster,, more usual ôsteren, ,  ôstarûn,  , ostara, , ‘Easter’; corresponding to  eáster, , eástro,   whence the   Easter. Probably applied at an earlier period to an old heathen festival of the West Teutons. It is based upon the name of an goddess of spring, Austrô, which must be identical with  usrâ, ‘dawn’ (between s and r, t is inserted in, see ). The Aurôra had among the Teutons, to some extent at least, exchanged the character of a goddess of dawn for that of the light-bearing goddess of spring. This is indicated by the time of the Easter festival; the Christian season must have coincided with the heathen, since the name of the latter was appropriated. Bede testifies to the existence of the goddess by the mention of the   form Eostra (for West  Eástre). Ausôs, the name of Aurôra, was the origin of the  derivatives for ‘east,’ as well as  eárendel, ‘morning star, daybreak,’ whence the  proper name Ôrentil in the later Orendel legends. See.   ,, from the  otter,  ottar, , ‘otter’; corresponding to  otter,  otor,  otter,  otr, ‘otter’;  *utrs is by chance not recorded. tr remains unaffected by the permutation; see, , ,. The term udrá- is applied in several Aryan languages to aquatic 