Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/25

Ach  sense, ‘to utter ’ (formed like, ).  ,, ‘agate,’ from achât, achâtes,  to  achates.   , for.   , see.  ,, ‘to eat,’ from Heb. âkhàl, ‘to eat.’  ,, ‘axle, axis,’ from the  ahse,  ahsa, ;   as,  eax, ,  axle (even in  eaxel-tree occurs,  axle-tree), with  l, like  öxull, , ‘axle';  *ahsa, or rather *ahsuls, is, by chance, not recorded. The stem ahsô-, common to the languages, from pre- aksâ, is widely diffused among the Aryan tongues; it is primitively related to  ákša,,  ἄξων,  axis,  osĭ,  aszìs, ‘axle'; the supposition that the  cognates were borrowed is quite unfounded;. The sense of Aryan akso- remains obscure; with the root ag, ‘to drive,’ some have connected  ago,  ἄγω. See the following word.   ,, ‘shoulder,’ from the  ahsel,  ahsala, ;   eaxl,  ǫxl, , ‘shoulder';  *ahsla, , is wanting. It is probable that the word is connected with the  ;  axilla (Olr. oxal), ‘arm-pit,’ and âla, ‘arm-pit, wing,’ are also cognate with it. In, *ahsla (Aryan *akslâ) has a still wider family, since forms with  ô, Aryan â in the stem belong to it;   ôxn, ôcusla, ‘arm-pit,’ and  wohsana,  üehse, wohse, , ‘arm-pit,'Du. oksel,’ shoulder.’  ,, ‘eight,’ from the  ahte,  ahto, common to the  and also to the Aryan groups. ahtau, eahta,  eight,  acht,  ahto; further,  ašṭáu,  ὀκτώ,  octo,  ocht,  asztu̇nì,  Aryan oktô, or rather oktôu, ‘eight.’ Respecting  see the historical note under.  ,, ‘outlawry, ban,’ from âhte, œhte, , ‘pursuit, proscription, outlawry, ban’;  âhta ( ôht), , ‘hostile pursuit.’  *âhtjan. ‘to pursue,’ is wanting. âhtian, êhtan (from anhtjan), ‘to pursue.’  *añhtian, ‘to pursue,’ and *anhtô, ‘pursuit,’ seem to be based on a non-dental root, which is perhaps connected with the cognates of  (Aryan root angh).  ,, ‘to have regard to, esteem, value,’ from ahten,  ahtôn, ‘to heed, ponder, take care’; allied to  ahte,  ahta, , ‘heed, paying attention.’   achten,  eahtian, ‘to ponder'; also with  l,  œtla ( *ahtilôn), ‘to suppose, think.’ It is based upon a  root ah, ‘to suppose, think’;   aha, ‘understanding,’ ahjan, ‘to believe,’ ahma, ‘spirit.' The Aryan root ak is widely diffused, yet no other language coincides with the signification of the  cognates. , for.  , ‘back-water.’ See under.   ,, see. <section end="ächzen" /> <section begin="Acker" /> ,, ‘field, arable land,’ from the  acker,  acchar (ahhar), ; a common  and  word corresponding to  akrs, ,  œcer,  acre (aker),  akker,  akkar. *akra-z,, from pre- agro-s;  ájra-s, , ‘pasture-ground, plain, common,’  ἀγρός,  ager (stem agro-), ‘field.’ It is certainly connected with the  root aj, ‘to drive' ( , allied to ),  ago,  ἄγω, to which in  aka, ‘to drive,’ was allied. “Thus âjra- signifies in the widest sense ‘field and common,’ as ‘pasture-land,’ the greatest part of which, when tillage supplanted the rearing of cattle, was used for crops.” The transition in meaning was, probably, completed on the migration of the Western Aryans to Europe; moreover, the root ar, ‘to plough, till,’ is West Aryan;   ἀρόω,  arare,  arjan,  erian,  orati, ‘to plough.’ See. <section end="Acker" /> <section begin="Adebar" /> , (Holland, ooijevaar), a Low  name for the stork,  odevare,  odebar,  odobëro (in Old  times the term was, moreover, prevalent in Germany). No certain explanation of the word can be given; it is most frequently interpreted as ‘bringer of children, of good luck'. Respecting the vowel-sounds see. <section end="Adebar" /> <section begin="Adel" /> ,, ‘nobility,’ from adel, , , ‘lineage, noble lineage, noble rank, perfection,’  adal,  (and edili, ), ‘lineage,  noble lineage’; corresponding to  aðali, , ‘body of nobles, notables, nobility,’  adel,  œðelu,  , ‘noble birth,’  aƀal, ‘disposition, talent, lineage.’ In  the stem<section end="Adel" />