Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/238

Lic leukos-, leuks-, as a double stem;  rocis,, Zend raocaṇh (for *rocâs, ‘lustre, light.’ The Aryan root luk, by gradation leuk, has numerous derivatives,  ruc (rôcâmi), ‘to give light,’ rukmá-s, , ‘glittering,’  ‘jewels,’ rôká-s, , rôcaná, , ‘light’;  λευκός,  ‘white,’ ἀμφιλύκη, ‘morning twilight’;  lucerna, lûceo, lux, lucidus, lûna, lûmen, diluculum;  lóche (t), ‘lightning,’ lón, ‘lustre’;  luča, ‘ray,’ luna, , ‘moon.’ In  there are also other derivatives of the Aryan root luk;  , , ,  and , as well as  lauhmuni, , ‘lightning,’ lauhatjan, ‘to give light’;  ljóme,  leóma,  liomo,  ‘lustre’;  lêgetu,  leit, ‘lightning,’ and  lôhazzen, ‘to lighten’;  also . With  rukšá, Zend raokšna, , ‘bright,’  lauksnos, , , ‘stars,’ and  ljós, ‘light,’ are also connected  liehsen, , ‘bright,’ and  lîxan, ‘to give light.’  ,, ‘to lighten, weigh (anchor),’ only;  lüften, ‘to raise aloft, lift up, air,’ as well as  to lift, are unconnected with this word. , as a nautical term, is borrowed from,  ‘to make light,’ then ‘to lift up.’  , in, , from , lit(t), , ‘lid’ ( of a vessel), lit, earlier hlit, ; corresponding to  hlid, , ‘lid, door,’  lid;  hliþ, , ‘gate.’ ‘Eyelid’ in  is augnalok, ,  ‘eye-lock’; in  also eielid,  eyelid ( ougelit), and hence the term, like , is common both to  and  hlid, ‘lock-up, lid,’ is connected with an old verbal stem,  and  hlîdan, ‘to cover, lock up.’  ,, ‘dear, esteemed,’ from the  liep (inflected lieber),  liob (inflected liobêr). It corresponds to liufs (b),  leóf,  lief,,  lief,  ljúfr; a common   with the general meaning ‘dear’; it is regularly derived from pre- *léubho-, which is accurately represented by  ljubŭ (Aryan root leubh, by gradation lubh). An  for ‘dear’ ( priyá-s) was changed in meaning at an early period in  (see ) and supplanted by ;  and  lieben,  liubôn, ‘to love’; to this is allied  lufian,  to love, with a weaker vowel stage of the root ( lufu,  to  love). Since, , ,  belong to  the same  root lub, by gradation leub (pre- lubh, leubh), we must assign to the latter a wider meaning, something like ‘pleasure’ and ‘approbation’;  lubh, ‘to demand violently,’  lŭbens, libens, ‘with pleasure, willingly,’ lŭbet, ‘it pleases, is agreeable,’ lŭbîdo, libîdo, ‘pleasure, longing, desire.’ With these perhaps the common  word lustus,  to , is also connected.  , and, ‘lovage,’ even in  liebstuckel, usually, however, lübestecke, , which is based on  ligusticum (whence the   levistico,  livèche). The unintelligible form was corrupted in the Middle Ages in the most varied ways;  lufestice is also based on  lufu, love’  lubistëchal,  lübestecke seem to be formed in allusion to  luppi,  lüppe, ‘juice of a plant producing strong effects’ (see ).   ,, from the  liet(d),  liod, , ‘song’ ( *liuþ, , may be inferred from liuþareis, , ‘singer,’ and liuþân, ‘to sing praises’);   lied,  leóþ, , ‘song.’ The  term for poetical productions, such as existed far earlier than the time of Tacitus ( “carmina antiqua,” Germania, 2). Poetry flourished long before the adoption of the letters of the runic alphabet, which was derived from the.  ,, ‘dissolute,’ from liederlich, , ‘light, pretty, trifling, frivolous’ (not recorded in ). lŷþre,, ‘miserable, bad,’ points to *liuþrs. To this is doubtlessly allied in compounds pointing to a  *ludrs. Probably ἐλεύθερος, ‘free,’ like the  words, may be traced to a root leuth. for is a recent form of the  connecting it with  ( luoder). ,, ‘to deliver, furnish, supply,’ first occurs in early , formed from liberare, ‘dare, praebere’ ( livrer). ,, ‘to lie, be situated,’ from the  ligen, licken,  licken, ligen,  ; corresponding to  liggen,  ličǧan,  to lie (ligjan, lag, legans, was the  gradation, but  ligan in the ); the common   for , which has numerous cognates in Aryan (root legh). λέκτρον, λέχος,, ‘bed,’ ἄλοχος, ‘bed-fellow, wife,’ also λεχώ, ‘woman in childbed,’ λοχέω, ‘to give birth to’; λόχος, ‘lying in wait,