Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/215

Kre  krût,, ‘small foliated plant, herb, vegetable,’ ‘cabbage,’  krût,  crûd;  kruid, , ‘herb, spice, gunpowder’ (the last meaning is also found in  from the 14th );  crûdewain ( kruidwagen), ‘ammunition waggon,’ seems to have been borrowed. *krûþ ( *krûdis),, might be taken for krû-da-, with the suffix da- from tó (Aryan grû-tó-). γρύτη, ‘lumber, trash,’ does not agree in meaning. Perhaps the word should be connected rather with the root βρυ- for gru;  βρύω, ‘to swell,’ ἔμβρυον, ‘embryo,’ βρύον, ‘moss.’ From  is derived  choucroute,, ‘pickled cabbage.’   ,, ‘crayfish,’ from the  krëbeȥe, krëbeȥ,  chrëbiȥ, chrëbaȥo, ;   kreeft, , ‘crayfish’; allied to. The word passed at an early period into  (  écrevisse, ‘cray fish,’ and crevette, ‘shrimp’). It is not connected with κάραβος, but rather with  chrâpfo, ‘hook’;,  ‘hooked or claw fish’?. See (2).   ,, ‘chalk,’ from the  krîde, late  krîda, ; ultimate source  crêta, , ‘Cretan earth’ The change from  ê to  î cannot be explained by the  pronunciation of Crete (  Krîde,  Krít, ‘Crete’), since there are other instances in which  ê appears in  loan-words,, as î;  , and. Besides, the word crêta, ‘Cretan earth,’ is unknown to. . The more precise history of the adoption of krîda is obscure (the corresponding words in  are  creta and  craie).   ,, ‘circle, orbit, sphere,’ from kreiȥ, , ‘circumference, circuit, division of a country district’;  chreiȥ, pointing to  *kraits, and D, krijt to. *kreits,  krîȥen, ‘to make a circle.’ The word cannot be traced beyond ; it is not allied to  and. .  ,, ‘to shriek,’ from krîschen, ‘to screech, shriek’;  *chrîskan and  *kreiskan are wanting. krîȥen, ‘to shriek’ ( *kreitan), points to the fact that a dental ( t) has been lost before the suffix sk of, just as a guttural has been dropped in , forskôn. krijschen, ‘to shriek, yell’.  , see.  ', ',, ‘to be in labour,’ from krîȥen, ‘to screech, shriek, groan’;   krijten, ‘to shriek, shout.’ For further cognates see ; akin also to  krîsten, earlier  , ‘to groan.’  , see.    (1.),, ‘cress, from the  kręsse,  chręsso, , chressa, ; corresponding to  kers, kors, ,  cœrse, ,  cress. This word, which is probably peculiar to West, found its way to the North—Dan. karse, krasse,  kresse; it was also adopted by the  languages —  cresson,  crescione. The assumption that the words contain the  form is opposed by the early appearance of the term in the old West  languages. It is true that no plausible explanation of chręsso ( *krasja?) has been put forward;  chrësan,  krësen, krîsen, ‘to crawl,’ seems unrelated.

 (2.),, ‘gudgeon,’ from the  kresse,  chresso,. Different from (1). The fish is thus named only in, and hence the term is not diffused in West like the preceding word.   ', ',, from the  kretschem, kretscheme, , ‘village tavern,’ a  loan-word;  krčma, Wend. korčma, karczma, ‘tavern.’ <section end="Kretschem" /> <section begin="Kreuz" /> ,, ‘cross,’ from the  kriuz, kriuze, ,  chrûzi, ; from  crŭci- ( cruci,  crucem), with change of vowel quantity in the stem as in , , and , and also of gender ( , , and ). The change of medial c in the word to  tz, though in another group of (older) loan-words  c, even before open vowels, appears as k in  and, is due to the fact that words like  and  were introduced into Germany at a far earlier period than , which was adopted with Christianity in the 8th and 9th. The Goths used  ( galga), the English of the earliest period, rood. The loanword is now found in all the  languages —  kross,  and  kors,  kruis,  cross. <section end="Kreuz" /> <section begin="Kreuzer" /> ,, ‘kreutzer’ (about d.), from kriuzer, kriuzœre, , a small coin,  marked with a cross ( kriuze), ‘kreutzer.’ <section end="Kreuzer" />