Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/213

Kra also means ‘crane’; too  aries, , as well as  grus, as terms for machines.   ,, ‘uproar,’ only;   krakeel; of obscure origin.   ,, ‘claw, talon, clutch,’ only; wanting in the earlier periods. Allied to γράω, ‘to gnaw,’  root gras, ‘to devour’?. krellen, ‘to scratch’ ( *krazljan?), is more closely connected.   ,, ‘retail trade,’ from krâm, ,  ‘stretched cloth, marquee,’  ‘covering of a stall,’ then the ‘stall’ itself (also called krâme, ), ‘trade wares’; corresponding to  kraam, , ‘retail shop, wares,’ then, strangely enough, ‘child-bed,’ which must have originated in the meaning ‘stretched cloth,’ as the covering for the bed. A specifically word introduced into the North by commerce ( kram,, ‘wares,’  krómas). ‘Tent-cloth’ may have been the meaning of  *krêma-.   ,, ‘fieldfare,’ from kramat(s)vogel, krambitvogel, kranewitvogel, , ‘fieldfare,’  ‘juniper bird.’ The juniper in  is kranewite, kranwit (kramwit, kramat),  chranawitu ( ‘crane-wood’), from krana-, ‘crane,’ mentioned under  and , and  witu, ‘wood’ (note the similarity in the  word);   craneberry, cranberry, from crane.   ,, ‘staple, cramp,’ from , since we should have expected pf in ;  kram for kramp, ‘hook, clamp,’  cramp, also cramp-irons;  chrampf, ‘hook.’ From the  cognates, which are based on the  *krampa-, discussed under ,  crampon, ‘cramp,’ is derived; see the next word.   ,, ‘brim of a hat,’ only, from  krempe, allied to the   chrampf, ‘curved’ ( krappr, ‘close, narrow’);  chrampf, quoted under , combines the meanings ‘hook’ and ‘border, brim.’   ,, ‘carling-comb,’ borrowed from , but it occurs even in the period;  of , ‘hook.’ <section end="Krämpel" /> <section begin="Krampf" /> ,, ‘cramp, spasm, convulsion,’ from the  and  krampf ( also chrampfo);   cramp,  kramp, ,  cramp; the common West  term for ‘cramp’;  an adjectival  from  chrampf,  ‘curved,’  krappr (normal for *krampr), ‘narrow, pressed close.’ The  stem krampa- has numerous cognates in ; besides the  loan-words krampe, krämpe, krämpel, we may mention  chrampf, ‘hook, border,’ chrimpfan,  krimpfen, ‘to contract in a crooked or spasmodic fashion,’  krimpf, , ‘crooked’   ‘cramp’;   is also allied, as is indicated by its  and  variant krumpf, ‘bent, twisted.’  , and  chrimpfan,  krimpfen, ‘to be convulsed,’  krimpen, ‘to draw in, shrivel,’  crimpil, ‘wrinkle,’ crumbe, ‘hook,’ crumpe, ‘crump,’  to crimple, ‘to contract,’ &c.;  krappr, ‘narrow,’ and its nominal  kreppa, ‘to compress.’   and. <section end="Krampf" /> <section begin="Kranich" /> ,, from the  kranech (kręnich), ,  chranuh, chranih (hh), , ‘crane’ (bird); also without the guttural suffix,  krane, which agrees with the , , and  forms ( kraan, , ‘crane’ — bird, and then machine;  cran and cornuc,  crane in both senses). In the languages,  trane,, ‘crane,’ seems to be connected with these. The suffix ch in is  k in ahaks, ‘pigeon,’  hafoc, ‘’ (hawk). The corresponding words for ‘crane’ in the other West Aryan languages ( form ger-w) are the most closely allied — γέρανος,  and  garan; also  žeravĭ,  gérwê,,  grus ( gru-is), corresponds to  chreia, ‘crane.’ The derivation of  γέρανος, from γεράσκω, root ger, ‘to grow old,’ as if the crane were remarkable for its great age, is open to objection. Further, the crane is one of the few names of birds (see ) in which several Aryan stems coincide. also and. <section end="Kranich" /> ,, ‘sick, ill,’ from kranc (k), , ‘narrow, slender, slight, powerless, weak, null’ (in  not yet found). The earliest references are in the first half of the 12th, therefore is most frequently regarded as a  loan-word; but the late appearance of the word cannot be accepted as a proof of its having been borrowed, since this is not supported by its form, which may be derived from an  source;   chrancholôn, ‘to grow weak, stumble’;  cranc, ‘feeble, infirm,’ also occurs rarely. For