Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/209

Kon cynestôl, ‘king's seat,’ i.e. ‘throne,’ cynerice, to  chunirîhhi, ‘kingdom,’ &c.; the simple form is perhaps found only in  poetry as konr (i-stem), ‘man of noble birth, relative of the king.’ In tracing the evolution in meaning, this fact can no more be rejected than the former; in this case too  would contain the essential idea of distinguished birth, but perhaps more accurately ‘the son of a man of distinguished birth’;   and  prince, signifying both  (male member of the royal family) and  (a sovereign ruler, and also a title next above Count). The etymological connection between king and queen must be discarded, since the latter signified ‘woman’ generally; yet it is of some value in illustrating the development of meaning in the word ;  cwên is  ‘the noble lady.’   ,, ‘to be able,’ from  kunnen,  chunnan,   ( kan,  kunnum,  konsta),  ‘to be capable intellectually, know, be acquainted with, understand,’ then also ‘to be able, be in a position (to).’  cunnan ( can),  , ‘to be acquainted with, know, be able,’  can;  kunnan ( kann,  kunnum),  , ‘to be acquainted with, know.’ In the earlier periods the verbal stem  had exclusively an intellectual sense in contrast to that of ,. Besides the stem kann- preserved in the kunnan ( also  kunnan, ‘to recognise,’  cunnian, ‘to explore, attempt,’ see also, , and ), there exists in the  languages a verbal stem which may be represented in  as *knê, *knô;  cnâwan, ‘to recognise, know,’  to know;  irchnâan, bichnâan, ‘to recognise’;  úrchnât, , ‘perception’ ( *knêþs, , is wanting); the  nominal  irchnuodilen, ‘to become perceptible,’ points to a  *knôþla-, ‘knowledge.’ The three  stems kann, knê, knô occur in the non- languages,  and  gnô in γιγνώσκω (ἔ-γνω-ν), ‘to recognize,’ γνῶσις, ‘knowledge,’  gno-sco, nô-tus, nô-tio;  znają, znati, ‘to recognise’;  gnáth, ‘acquainted.’  forms a  from a root *jan, the  from a root jnâ, jânãmi, jajnáu (  jnâtá), ‘to know’; the  root kann from gen-n appears in  żinaú, ‘to know, recognise, perceive,’ pa-żintis, ‘knowledge,’ Zend â-zaiñti, , ‘information,’  ad-géin, ,  ‘cognovit.’ This wide ramification of the closely allied Aryan root gen, gnô, ‘to recognise, know,’ is generally recognised, but its connection with the root gen, ‘to beget, bring forth,’ and the variants gnâ-, gnô-, discussed under , , and , is problematical. Both seem to be united in cennan, ‘to bring forth,’ and ‘to generate,’  γνωτός, ‘related by blood,’ and ‘discernible, known.’ The distinction, however, between the physical and intellectual senses of the word must have been made previous to the division of languages, since it exists in all the Aryan groups. .   ,, ‘head,’ from kopf, , ‘drinking vessel, cup, pint measure, skull, head’;  choph, chuph, , ‘goblet’;  cuppa,  cup;  koppr, , ‘crockery in the form of cups.’ This class is one of the most difficult to explain. , head, is certainly the real  and earlier term for, and only in  has the latter finally supplanted the former. The numerous senses of the cognates further involves us in doubt, although analogies may be adduced in favour of the evolution of the notion ‘head’ from an earlier meaning ‘cup’;  kolla,, ‘pot,’ kollr, , ‘head’;  ;  coppa, ‘cup,’ and  cobs, ‘skull’;  tête, from  testa;  hwaírni, ‘skull,’ allied to  hwër, ‘kettle,’  hersen-pan, ‘skull,’  herne-, brainpanne, ‘skull,’ allied to , ‘pan’;  hersen-becken, ‘skull,’ allied to , ‘basin.’ Thus in fact he ordinary assumption might be allowed to stand, according to which the entire class is based on  cuppa ( coppa), ‘cup,’  cûpa, ‘cask.’ There are, however, cognate terms in  which induce us to proceed, not from  cûpa, ‘cask,’ but from a   word meaning ‘point, summit,’  and  copp, ‘summit, point,’  also ‘head,’  cop (for the evolution in meaning  , allied to  κεφαλή,  , ‘roof,’ for );  coppod, ‘cristatus’ of serpents, is also worthy of note. The origin of the word  in its  sense is also supported by the fact that  chuppha,  kupfe,, ‘head-dress,’ evidently connected with , is necessary to explain some  cognates —  cuffia,  coiffe, and  cofea, are derived from  chuppha. Besides, cûpa, cuppa, as a  is not well adapted in form to explain the , especially since