Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/205

Kni stems of the word;  genu,  γόνυ ( γνυ-πετεῖν, γνύξ, ἰγνύαλ),  iŭnu,, ‘knee’ (abhijñu, ‘down to the knee,’ jñu-bãdh, ‘kneeling’). This Aryan stem gnu had when declined the variant gnew-, which appears extended in by the a of the a-declension,  kniwa-. The shorter form knu-, Aryan gnu-, has been retained in  *knu-ssus (inferred from knussjan, ‘to kneel’), ‘kneeling’ (the suffix -ssus is current in ), and probably also in  knúe,, ‘knuckle’ (presupposing  *knuwa, ); there are also some abnormal l-derivatives,  cnélien,  to kneel,  knielen, and Swiss chnüle, ‘to kneel.’   ,, ‘pinch,’ only, allied to ;  kneep, , ‘pinch, pinching.’   ,, ‘pigmy,’ only, a  word, by syncope from *knürbes, knirbes (  knirfix,  knirwes),  närvel, nirvel ( *cnyrfel?), ‘pigmy,’ are formed with a different  termination. Allied to knorp, ‘pigmy’; and to  knorf, ‘knot’?.  ,, ‘to creak,’ from knirren, ‘to jar.’ A recent imitative word. ,, ‘to gnash,’ *knirsen, may be inferred from knirsunge, , ‘gnashing,’ and zerknürsen, ‘to crush, squash’; for sch from s after r   and ;   knarsen, knersen, ‘to gnash, crash,’ knarsetanden, ‘to gnash with the teeth.’ ,, ‘to crackle,’ from *knisten, on which the noun knistunge, , ‘gnashing,’ is based; an onomnatopoetic formation.  ,, ‘doggerel,’ only;  for , ‘cudgel.’  staff, in the sense of ‘stick,’ and also ‘verse, strophe, stanza,’ may be adduced as an approximate parallel. The Dutchman Junius says of the refrain in popular songs, ‘In vulgaribus rhythmis versum identidem repetitum scipionem ant baculm appellant’; the Romans had versus rhopalici, the Scandinavians the stef.  ,, ‘to rumple,’ only; an imitative word. ,, ‘to fillip,’ only, allied to a widely diffused  form knöbel , knöwel ( and ), ‘joint,’  of the fingers.  ,, ‘garlic,’ from knobelouch, , with the  variant klobelouch, ,  chlobolouh, chlofolouh, chlo - volouh, ; with regard to b for f,  ; the kn of the  and  words may be explained as in  by a process of differentiation, i.e. the l of the next syllable produced the change of the first l into n,   knoflook and  kloflôk. In the ordinary explanation of ‘cleft leek’ no regard is paid to the fact that the first part of the compound, which is identical with, appears elsewhere in the  group,  clufe,  clove (of garlic),  clufþung, ‘crowfoot,’ clufwyrt, ‘buttercup.’   ,, from the  knöchel, knüchel,. , ‘knuckle’; of,  knoche;  cnucel,  knokil,  knuckle, and the   knokkel.   ,, ‘bone,’ from knoche,  ‘bone, knot of a branch, fruit capsule,’ The  word, almost unknown to Luther, rarely occurs in , and is entirely wanting in  ( is the genuine  and  word for , which again is  native to the  and  dialects.)  is, however, proved by the corresponding   to be a good  word;  *knuqa, , may be assumed. It is still uncertain whether it is connected with to knock,  cnucian,  knoka,  knochen, ‘to cuff,’ or is related to  knúe, ‘knuckle,’ which would favour its further kinship with. From *knuqa,, ‘snag, knot,’  knock, ‘nape,’ may be derived; their ck correctly represents the old q. Allied words with final g in the stem are, however, obscure, knögerlin, ‘little knot, and  knügel, ‘knuckle.’   ,, ‘bundle, bunch,’ only, from  knocke; proved to be a genuine  word by  *cnyčče,  knucche, ‘bundle’ (e.g. ‘bundle of hay’),  knitch, ‘faggot’;  *knuka, or rather *knukja, , are wanting. <section end="Knocke" /> <section begin="Knödel" /> ,, ‘dumpling,’ from knödel, , ‘seed-bud, dumpling’;  of  knode, ‘knot,’ discussed under. <section end="Knödel" /> <section begin="Knollen" /> ,, ‘clod, bulb,’ from knolle, , ‘clod, lump’;  *chnollo, , is wanting. With the meaning are connected  cnoll,,  knoll;  knol, ‘turnip.’ <section end="Knollen" /> <section begin="Knopf" /> ,, ‘button, knob, pommel,’ from and  knopf, , ‘<section end="Knopf" />