Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/197

Kip  ,, also , and , from the   kipfe, , ‘roll of fine white bread pointed at both ends’ ( is a corrupt form); perhaps allied to  chipfa, ,  kipfe, ‘drag of a wheel.’   ,, ‘brink, edge,’ from and ; the proper  form is , meaning ‘point’ in Luther; earlier references are wanting. The nominal kippen means ‘to cut of the point’; in the sense of ‘to strike,’ allied to  kippa, ‘to strike,’  cippian, with which   is also connected.   ,, ‘church,’ from the  kirche (Swiss chilche),  chirī̆hha (Swiss chī̆lihha), ; corresponding to  kerk,  čiriče, čyriče,  church. As is shown by the hh of chirī̆hha, the word must have existed before the  period; names of places with  are found in Germany even before the beginning of the 8th ; yet the word is unknown to  (the terms used were gudhûs, ‘the house of God,’ gards or razn - bidô, ‘house of prayer’; also aíkklêsjô, ‘coetus christianorum’). The other tribes must, however, have adopted the term from  through the medium of  (, also , , and ). It is true that κυριακή (with ἡμέρα understood) during the first ten centuries signified ‘Sunday’ exclusively, and only from the 11th  onwards did it obtain the meaning ‘house of the Lord.’ But since the word is foreign, we may assume that the gender of κυριακόν, ‘church’ (or its  κῦριακά), recorded from the 4th, was changed ( chī̆rī̆hha, ). Since the word was never current in the Romish Church (the  as well as the  term being ecclesia), we have in  a term of the Greek Church, though in other cases the words adopted with Christianity are essentially  (from  *kyreika,  cerkovĭ, and  crŭky are also probably derived). The introduction of through a  medium was possible as late as the 9th  at least, for, according to Wal. Strabo, divine service was celebrated on the Lower Danube in the language even at that period. —   ,, ‘parish,’ from kirchspil, also kirspel; the second part of the compound is instinctively connected with , yet its origin has not been definitely ascertained; some have referred it to   spill, , ‘speech’ , and have defined  as ‘the district within which the decision of a church is paramount.’ This assumption is not quite satisfactory, because no connecting link between , ‘decision of the church,’ and , ‘parish,’ can be discovered. Following the explanation of, we should rather assume some such meaning as ‘district, enclosure, forbearance,’ which is supported by spelian, ‘to spare, protect’;   spela, ‘representative’?. —   ,, ‘dedication of a church,’ from kirchwîhe, , which thus early signifies also ‘annual fair,’ and even ‘fête’ generally,  chirihwîhî, ,  ‘dedication of a church’ (  , chilbi).   ,, ‘village fête,’ from kirmësse, , ‘dedication festival,’ for the unrecorded kirchmësse, just as  kirspil is a variant of kirchspel, , ‘parish,’ and kirwîhe a variant of kirchwîhe, ‘dedication of a church.’  ( kerkmis, kermis),  ‘mass to celebrate the dedication of a church’ (in  chilbe, from kilchwîhe,  kirta, from kirchtac). .  ,, ‘tractable,’ from kürre,  kurre, kirre, , ‘tame, mild’; derived, by suppressing the w, from earlier  *churri, *quirri;   qaírrus, ‘meek,’  kvirr, kyrr, , ‘still, quiet.’ Perhaps based on the  root gër appearing in  ; yet  gurti, ‘to grow weak, relax,’ gurus, ‘crumbling,’ may also be allied.  ,, from the  kirse, kërse ( chriesi), , ‘cherry’ (for the change of s into sch   and ). chirsa (*chirissa),, is certainly not derived from cerasum, but, like the cognate  words, from ceręsia (   of the  ceraseus?.   κεράσιον, ‘cherry,’ κερασία, κερασέα, ‘cherry tree’), only with a  accent; the  form  (from the  form krêsia, which perhaps appears also in Istrian kriss and  kriješa), like , is based too on the common  form with the  accent;  *cerę́sea ( ciregia,  cerise);  also  črěšĭnja (  *čers-, from *kers-?). The adoption of the word by occurred before the 7th, as is shown by the preservation of the initial c as k in. For a discussion of the period at which the word was