Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/194

Kes with a covering of wax, taper,’ form the series. Hence there is no need to suppose that has been borrowed from Ft. cerâta, allied to cera, ‘wax,’ an assumption equally at variance with the phonological relations of the words. It is true that neither *karta-, ‘tow,’ nor its derivative *kartjô, ‘taper,’ has any etymological support in the non- languages. The doublet karza, kęrza, may, however, be explained by the assumption of a  *kartjô,, the mutation appearing only at a late period before r and  in.   ,, ‘kettle, cauldron, boiler,’ from the  kęȥȥel,  chęȥȥil, ; corresponding to  katils,  ketell,  čytel, ,  kettle, and the   ketel. This word is usually derived from  catînus, ‘dish’ ( kaṭhina, ‘dish’), or its  catillus. catînus is indicated by kęȥȥîn, chęȥȥî,  chęȥȥî  ‘kettle,’  cęte, ‘cooking-pot.’ It is shown under  that  katils can be derived from  catînus. and may have been borrowed at the same period as. From catînus are also derived the  terms,  cadinho and  cadin, ‘wooden dish.’ From,  kotilŭ, ‘kettle’ is derived.    (1.),, ‘covey,’ with the earlier variants kitte, kütte, at present ; used in only of partridges, &c. is a corruption of the unintelligible kütte, kütte,  chutti,, ‘herd, troop’;   küdde,  kudde, , ‘herd.’ We might connect the word with  gũtas, , gaujà, , ‘herd,’ and hence further with the  root jû (for gū̆), ‘to drive, urge on,’  gùiti, ‘to drive.’ Therefore the dental of the  word, as in the   gũtas, belongs to the suffix. The Aryan root is gu, ‘to drive cattle.’

 (2.),, ‘chain, fetter,’ from the  kęten, kętene ( is found since the 15th ), ,  chętina, chętinna, , ‘chain’; borrowed from  catêna, yet hardly from the latter itself, since the word was probably naturalized in  before the  permutation of consonants , but rather from a vernacular cadéna (thus  and , hence  chaine, from which  chaine,  chain is derived), which by a change of accent and by the  permutation and mutation resulted in chętîna;  keten and   ketene still point, however, to the t of the  word. For the transition of ê to î,  and. The accent is changed, as in ábbā̆t, from  abbát-em.   ,, ‘heretic,’ from ketzer, , ‘heretic,’ also ‘reprobate, Sodomite’ (not recorded in ). The tz presents no difficulties in deriving the word from καθαρός (καθαροί, a Manichean sect spread throughout the West in the 11th and 12th, and persecuted by the Church), if it be assumed that  ketter, ‘heretic,’ is a phonetic version of the  word. It is true that tz from  θ ( th) cannot be demonstrated; the hard fricative th (þ, θ) may, however, be regarded phonetically as tz, since, e.g., King Chilperic's sign for the was none other than z; the þ in  words sounded also to the Germans of the 9th  like z; þór seemed to them zor. So too in Italy the καθαροί were called Gazari.  ,, ‘to gasp,’ from kûchen, ‘to breathe’;  kîchen, ‘to breathe with difficulty, gasp,’ has also been absorbed in the. Corresponding to kugchen, ‘to cough,’ from  kuchen,  cohhettan,  coughen,  to cough. — kîchen is based on a  root kik, which appears in, , and , in a nasalised form;  (Holstein) kinghosten,  kinkhoest, ,  chincough (for chinkcough), ‘whooping-cough’; allied to  kikhosta,  kighoste,  čincung.  ,, ‘club, pestle; thigh; rude fellow,’ from kiule, , ‘club, stick, pole’; cognate with  , from  kûle, a variant of kugele, kugel. See the further references under.   , see.   ,, ‘chaste, pure,’ from kiusche, kiusch, , ‘moderate, quiet, modest, bashful';  chûski, , ‘continent, moderate.’  cûse is borrowed from the  of the Heliand,  *kûsci, of which only the corresponding  cûsco is recorded;  kuisch, ‘cleanly, chaste.’ The  meaning of the  , which appears in all these forms, is presumably ‘pure’;   kuischen, ‘to clean, purify’;  unchûskî, ‘dirt’ (also  , ‘road in bad condition’). —   , ‘chaste tree,’ simply, formed from agnus castus, known in  by the term<section end="Keuschlamm" />