Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/191

Kec  antiquity; but the important fact is, and this is confirmed by his general statements, that concubines were chosen from the prisoners, or rather the slaves; in antiquity the slaves were regarded as chattels;  mancipium,  ἀνδράποδον;  man, ‘slave,’ is, and sometimes signifies ‘female slave, concubine.’  ,, ‘pert, impudent,’ from këc, a variant of quëc (inflected këcker, quëcker), ‘living, fresh’;  chëc (inflected chëcchêr), quëc, quëcchêr, ‘living.’ Corresponding to  cwicu (cucu), ‘living,’  quick. The meaning of the  is ‘living,’ and the , ‘lively,’ illustrates the development of the signification. For farther comparison we have to proceed from the corresponding  qiwa, ‘living’ (the second c, k of the  and  words, is an insertion before the  w). qiwa-, derived from gwiwo-, giwo-, corresponds exactly to vîvus for gwîvus,  jîvás, ‘living,’ allied to  vîvere (victus);  jivâtus, ‘life,’ jîvathas, ‘life’; furthurfurther [sic], in  with an initial β ( βαίνω, ‘to go’), βίος, βίοτος, βιόω; allied to  živŭ,  gývas,  beo, ‘living.’ All these forms indicate an Aryan root gī̆w, ‘to live.’ This root seems to be graded in  only, in  kveykva, kveikja ( *qaiwjan), ‘to light a fire,’  ‘to give life to.’ In   and  are connected with the same root, and in fact with the Aryan,  gī̆wós, ‘living’; the loss of the u after q, which has differentiated  from, is seen also in , , and.   (1.),, ‘cone, nine-pin, sight (of a gun),’ from and  k€gel, , ‘nine-pin,’ also ‘stick, cudgel,  chęgil, ‘stake, plug,’ allied to  kegghe,  keg, ‘wedge,’  and  kag, ‘stump.’  chęgil, ‘plug,’ may have been  *kagils (from pre- gagho-), and might be cognate with  γόμφο-ς (φ for gh), ‘plug, wooden nail, wedge,’ with the root syllable nasalised. It cannot be decided whether żaginýs, ‘stake, post’ (żagaras, ‘dry branch’), is allied to, or rather to , ‘cheek of a sledge.’

 (2.),, ‘bastard’ (retained in only in the phrase , ‘kith and kin’), from  kęgel, kękel, ‘illegitimate child,’ Of obscure origin.   ,, ‘throat; channel, fluting,’ from the   and  kele, ,  chëla; corresponding to  keel,  čeole (obsolete in ) and čeolor. In perhaps *kilô ( *kilôns). Since k is derived from pre- g, we may compare  gala and  gula, ‘throat.’ See.   (1.),, ‘to turn,’ from kêren,  chêrren, ‘to turn, direct’; a difficult word to explain both etymologically and phonetically; in  čěrran, čy̆rran ( čy̆rde), ‘to turn.’  (2.),, ‘to sweep,’ from the  kęrn, kęren, kęrjen,  chęrian, chęren; the  form is probably *karjan, not *kazjan; also  ubarchara, ‘offscouring, impurity,’ connected with  kar, , ‘dirt (on new-born lambs and calves).’ Probably  allied to  żeriu, żèrti, ‘to scrape.’  ', ',, ‘vulgar person,’ ‘carrion’; simply , and only in  and.  ,, ‘to scold,’ with the form for the strictly  ,  kîben, ‘to upbraid, quarrel,’ with the  frequentative kibeln, kiveln;  kîp, kîbes, , ‘wrangling manner, defiance, refractoriness.’  kîven,  kijven, ‘to upbraid,’  kífa, ‘to quarrel,’ kíf, ‘quarrel.’  ,, ‘wedge, keystone,’ from kîl, ‘wedge, plug,’ with the curious variant kîdel ,  chîl, ‘plug’; both the  forms assume  *keiþls’. keiler ( *kaileis),, ‘wedge,’ is abnormal; the root is kî, kai. kill, ‘canal’ ( the proper name ), is probably not connected on account of the meaning; since and  kîl signifies ‘plug,’ the word is more probably allied to  cœ̂g,  key.   ', ',, ‘wild boar,’ only, probably not allied to ; borrowed from Lit. kuilýs, ‘boar’.   ,, ‘germ, bud, shoot,’ from the  kîm, kîme, ,  chîm, chîmo,  ( *keima, ). The root is kî, which is widely diffused in the  group. has only the of a  derived from this root, us-kijans, ‘sprouted,’ for which, however, an earlier variant, keins, ‘germinated,’ is assumed by the  us-keinan (-nôda). With the same root kî are connected the dental derives. cîþ, kîð,  chîdi (