Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/190

Kau hence ‘strange, unintelligible foreign tongue.’ It seems to have been a Swiss word and allied to  and Swiss kauder, chûder, ‘tow’; or should it be ?  ,, ‘coop, cage, pen,’ from kouwe (köwe), , ‘miner's hut or shed over a shaft’ ( *kouwa,  *kaujô, are wanting); from  cavea (intermediate form cauja?), ‘cavity.’ See also.  ,, ‘to chew,’ from the  kûwen, kiuwen,  chiuwan;  au and  û in this word compared with äu in  is properly  merely. It corresponds to ceóuwan,  to chew, and the   kaauwen. The verb, which is based on a root këw, ku, pre- gew, is wanting in ;   žĭvą, žują, žĭvati, ‘to chew.’ The Aryan root is gjū̆, gī̆w, ‘to chew’; see. γεύομαι for γεύσομας is totally unconnected with, being allied to. ,, ‘to crouch’; its relation to hûren ( hurken), ‘to squat,’ is obscure; in  and in  an initial k also appears,  couren,  to cower;  kûre,  kûra, in the  sense;  kúra, ‘to be inactive’. ,, ‘to buy,’ from koufen,  choufôn. The meaning in and  is somewhat more general, ‘to trade, negotiate,’ specially also ‘to buy, sell, or to barter.’   kaupôn, ‘to trade,’  čŷpan ( *kaupjan), ‘to buy, sell.’ The word has numerous interesting meanings; its primary sense is ‘to barter,’ and was used by the parties on either side, and hence on the development of the system of paying in specie it signified both ‘to buy’ and ‘to sell’;  also  ceáp, ‘trade, business, cattle’ (cattle was, in fact, the chief medium of payment in exchange;   and ). It is most closely allied to caupo, ‘retail dealer, innkeeper,’ and in connection with this fact it is certainly remarkable that a nomen agentis corresponding to  caupo is far less widely diffused than the   kaupôn (only in  does choufo mean ‘shopkeeper’). The  in the form of kupiti, ‘to buy’ (allied to kupŭ, ‘trade,’ kupĭcĭ, merchant,’  kùpezus, ‘merchant’), passed into   and  (kauppata, ‘to trade’). The cognates are wanting in. — The  is  chouf,, ‘trade, business’;  čeáp, ‘trade’; in  the cognates cheap and chapman have been retained.  ', ‘round posterior,’ ', ‘bull-head,’ , ‘ruff’; in these compounds signifies ‘a ball of small circumference’;  kûle, a variant of kugele (  from ); older  ;.  ,, ‘scarcely,’ from kûme, as  (?), ‘thin, weak, infirm,’ as  ( chûmo), ‘with difficulty, hardly, scarcely, not’; to this is allied  chûmig, ‘powerless, toilsome.’ ‘Feeble’ is the  meaning of the  and , as is shown by Lower  küme,  küme, Swiss chum, and  kîme, ‘feeble.’ The corresponding  cŷme signifies ‘tender, fine, beautiful’ ,  kûmi-, ‘feeble,’ is not found in the other languages.  ,, ‘screech-owl,’ from the  kûtze, kûtz,  (rarely occurs); in  as well as in the other   the word is wanting, therefore it is difficult to determine its  form. We might assume *kutts or *kûdna; the first partly suggests  βῦζα, ‘owl’ (for gûdja? β as in βαίνα, ‘to go,’ βύσσος, ‘fine flax,  to  ). Moreover, pet names for birds are formed ending in tz,, , ; hence  may have to be divided, and thus  βύας, ‘owl,’ would be most closely connected with  kau, kû.  ,, ‘to cower’; only; like , it is connected with the root kû; zen is a suffix from  zen, azen (ȥȥen, aȥȥen),  atjan; *kûwatjan would be the  form. .  ,, ‘concubine,’ from the  kębse, kębese,  chębisa, chębis; in  perhaps *kabisi. čęfes, čyfes. Unfortunately the word is etymologically quite obscure. The meaning is an important one in the history of manners and customs; the word signifies ‘concubine’ and ‘servant,’ and the corresponding  kefser in  slave; it is evident that female captives were made slaves and concubines (  wealh, ‘Kelt. slave,’ wylen, ‘female slave, servant,’ under ). The idea of ‘concubine,’ in spite of Tacitus’ highly-coloured picture of the family life, is not foreign to