Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/189

Kas seems to indicate that the plant was brought from the Netherlands and France, aard-appel,  pomme de terre. The  is due to a similar conception, its  form being. is a shortened form of, resulting from the position of the accent ( from cucúrbita). The rarer , which corresponds to  potato, is based upon  and  patata, the final source of which is an American word. Potatoes were introduced in the 17th from America into Spain and Italy, and were transplanted from these countries to the north.   ,, ‘cheese,’ from the  kœse,  châsi, ;  câseus (whence also  caise), before the 5th  at the latest was adopted in the vernacular form câsius (variant căscus?) by the Teutons;   kaas,  čŷse,  cheese. It corresponds in to  cacio,  queso; yet câseus was supplanted in the  at an early date by  *formaticus, ‘(cheese) mould’;   fromage ( formaggio). has a peculiar word for ‘cheese,’ ostr, in perhaps *justs (  juusto, ‘cheese’); the assumed  *justs is connected etymologically with  jus, ‘broth,’  jucha, ‘soup,’  yûšán, ‘soup’, the root of which is yu, ‘to mix,’ in  jáuju, jáuti, ‘to mix (dough).’ From this collocation of terms it is probable that *justs is the  word for ‘cheese,’ and that the Teutons did not learn how to make cheese from the Southerners, but only an improved method of doing so when they adopted the term  from them. It is true that according to Pliny, ''Hist. Nat.'' xi. 41, the barbarians generally were not acquainted with the method; yet also.   ,, ‘chestnut’;  chęstinna,  kę́stene, kę́sten, kastânie. The latter is evidently a return to the form,  castanea, which had already been transformed to kęstenne. Moreover, chęstinna and  čisten (čistenbeám,  kestenboum,  chestnut) point to a  *castinia, *castinja. châtaigne, castagna, ‘chestnut.’ The  word is derived from the   καστανέα, -νεια, -νειον, -νον; the chestnut was named from the town of Κάστανα, in Pontus.  ,, ‘to chastise,’ from kastîgen (g for j), kę̂stigen,  chęs - tîgôn, ‘to chastise, punish’; the alteration of the accent and the vowels corresponds to that in  (which see) compared with the. castîgare (whence also châtier, and further  chastise) was adopted on the introduction of Christianity (, , and ) from ecclesiastical ;  chę̂stîgôn, like many words borrowed in the  period (see ), was accented after the  method.  ,, ‘chest,’ from the  kaste,  chasto, ; this word, which is at all events really , is wanting in the rest of the    *kasta, ‘receptacle,’ may be connected with kasa-, ‘vessel,’ so that the dental would be a derivative; yet kas signifies specially ‘an earthen vessel, pot’ ( kasja, ‘potter’). This kas, moreover, became char in  by the normal change of s into r; in the  literary speech it is now wanting, but it appears in  binen-kar, upon which   is based.   ,, ‘tom-cat,’ from the  kater, katere, ,  chataro, ; the r of  appears to be a  suffix;   and ,  and ;  and ?,  and ?, &c.,.   ,, ‘cotton, calico,’ from the  kottûn, , which is again derived from  kattoen,  coton,  to  cotton.   ,, ‘cat,’ from the  katze,  chazza, ; a common  word in the Mid. Ages and in modern times; of obscure origin. also catt,,  cat;  kǫttr,. These assume *katta, *kattus. Early cattus and its  derivatives ( gatto,  chat),  and  cat,, and  kotǔ, ‘tom-cat,’  katě, ‘cat', kátinas, ‘tom-cat’ (allied to  kotiti, ‘to litter,’ &c., kot, ‘brood, litter’), suggest the possibility that the  term was borrowed from a neighbouring race after the period of the  substitution of consonants, at latest a century before or after the migration of the tribes. It is a remarkable fact, however, that retains a  and independent  form of the word in  ( *kaduza?), which also occurs in  and  kater (  caterwaul).   ,, ‘jargon,’ first occurs in early allied to an unexplained  , ‘to talk unintelligibly,’