Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/184

Kal chilver). In the non- languages there is a series of words with the phonetic base glbh-, denoting ‘the young of animals.’  gárbha, ‘covey,’ also ‘child, offspring’; in the sense of ‘mother's lap’ the  word suggests  δελφύς, ‘womb,’ and its derivative ἀδελφός, ‘brother’;  also δέλφαξ, ‘pig, porker.’ To the a of the  word o in  δολφός ἡ μήτρα, ‘the womb,’ corresponds.   , , ‘intestines,’ from  and  kaldûne; a  and  word (in  ). It is based upon a  and  caldûmen, a derivative of  calidus (caldus) ‘warm,’ meaning chiefly ‘the still reeking entrails of newly slaughtered animals’; . South-West  chaudin, Bologn. caldôm, ‘entrails.’ From East  (and ?) the word found its way also into ;  Czech kaldoun, ‘entrails,’ Croat. kalduni, ‘lung.’   ,, ‘calendar,’ from kalender (with the variant kalenḍenœre), ; the latter comes from  calendarium, but is accented like calendae.  ,, ‘to caulk a ship,’ from kalefateren; the latter is derived from  calfater.  ,, ‘lime,’ from the  kalc, kalkes,  chalch,. The variant  (occurring in  and ) is based upon  chalh for chalah (hh). Allied to čealc; but  chalk has assumed a divergent sense, just as  kalc means both ‘lime’ and ‘white-wash.’ The cognates are derived from the   calcem ( calx), and were borrowed at a very early period, as is indicated by the initial k, or rather c of the  and  words, for somewhat later loan-words such as  (from crucem) have z for  c; c remains as k in old loanwords such as,  lukarna, from  lucerna, , from cellarium. The Teutons became acquainted through the both with the name and thing about the same period as with  and.   ,, ‘calm,’ of origin;  kalm,  calm; based on the  calme.   ', ',, from calamanco,  calmande, , all with the same meaning, ‘fine woollen stuff.’  calamancus may be derived from the East.   ,, ‘moping fellow,’ simply , of obscure origin; the second part of the compound is exactly the same as in , which see.  ,, ‘cold,’ from the  and  kalt ( kaltes): corresponding to  ceald, cald,  cold,  kaldr,  kalds,; an old  formation corresponding to the  vbs. in -tus, ta-s ( d from Aryan t), as in, , , , , &c. kal- as the root appears in a stronger stage of gradation in, and in a weaker stage in  kulde, ‘cold.’ In  and  the   of which   and  keldr are  is retained;  kala, ‘to freeze,’  calan, ‘to freeze’; allied to Swiss χale, ‘to cool,’ and hence ‘curdle.’ Note  chill from  čyle (from čęli, kali). The root is identical with that of gelu, ‘frost,’ gelâre, ‘to congeal,’ gelidus, ‘cold.’  ,, ‘camel,’ from camêlus; in  kemmel, këmel, which point to the Byzantine and  pronunciation of  κάμηλος, and hence to κάμιλος (the e of kemel is produced by i- mutation from a). The word is a more recent scholarly term, borrowed anew from  (  chameau,  camello), while the  word was brought back from the Crusades, and hence is due to immediate contact with the East. Moreover, at San Rossore, near Pisa, a breed of camels has existed from the Crusades down to modern times, some of which are exhibited in Europe as curiosities. In the period there was, curiously enough, a peculiar word for ‘camel’ current in most of the dialects, which corresponded to  ἐλεφαντ-,  ulbandus,  olfend,  olbenta,  olbent; allied to  velĭbądŭ, ‘camel.’ The history of this word is quite obscure. <section end="Kamel" /> <section begin="Kamerad" /> ,, ‘comrade, companion,’ only, from  camarade ( camerata, ‘society,’  ‘comrades living together in a room,’ then too ‘companion’), whence also  comrade. had a number of terms for ; , ,  gidofto, ‘companion’ (  and ), simply forms illustrative of the  heroic age, which were partly disused in the  period in favour of the foreign terms  and. <section end="Kamerad" /> <section begin="Kamille" /> ,, ‘camomile,’ from kamille, , which is again derived from  and  camamilla ( χαμαίαμηλον). <section end="Kamille" />