Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/183

Kaf their different periods, signifies ‘gnawing animal’ ( kifen, kiffen, ‘to gnaw, chew,’  kiffel under ), or ‘husk animal,’ from  chëva, ‘husk,’  kaf,  chaff ( čeaf).   , ‘uneducated person,’ a student's term, from  kâfîr, ‘unbeliever.’   , and, ‘cage, gaol,’ from  kęvje, , , and , ‘cage (for wild animals and birds),’ also ‘prison’; the j of the  word became g (  and ). chęvia,, is derived from Low cávia,  cặvea, ‘birdcage’ (respecting  f for  v,  , , and ), whence also. Allied to the words,  gabbia, gaggia,  cage (hence  cage), and  gabbiuolo,  geôle ( jail, gaol), ‘prison.’ Further,  first obtained the meaning ‘cage’ in.   ,, ; the meaning ‘little chamber’ is  only; in  chafteri, ‘beehive,’  Kâft, ‘student's room’. Allied to ceafortûn, ‘hall’.  ,, from the  kal ( kalwer), ‘bald,’  chalo ( chalwêr, chalawêr);   kaal,  calu,  callow. Probably borrowed from calvus ( khalvâta, ‘bald-headed’), whence  chauve, since  crispus and capillare have also been introduced into ;   cyrsp,  crisp,  and  krisp, ‘curly,’ and  kapillôn, ‘to crop one's hair.’ Probably the Teutons and the Romans were equally struck by each other's method of wearing the hair. Other etymologists are inclined to connect kalwa- with  golŭ, ‘bare, naked.’  ', ',, ‘mould on fermented liquids,’ from the  kâm (kân);   kám, , ‘thin coating of dust, dirt,’  coom, ‘soot, coal dust’ (with i mutation,  keam, keans);  *kema-, *kemi-. The root ka- is inferred from ka-del,, ‘soot, dirt.’  ̣, , ‘mouldy’ (of wine).   ,, ‘boat, skiff, wherry,’ only (strictly unknown to  and , as in the case of ; in  ); from  kane,  kaan;   kœ́na, , ‘a kind of boat.’  kane signifies ‘wooden vessel,’ whence the meaning ‘boat’ might be evolved according to the analogies adduced under ;   kane, with a somewhat different sense ‘sleigh.’  kane looks like a metathesis of  naca (  and ). From the cognates,  cane, ‘ship, is derived, but hardly so  canot, which is of American origin.   ,, ‘emperor,’ from the  keiser,  keisar; corresponding to  câsêre,  kaisar. The ai of the orthography originated in the  and  chancery of Maximilian I., in which the  ei necessarily became ai (according to the lexicographer Helvig, A.D. 1620, Meissen   was - ). The ae of Caesar, upon which the word is based, cannot be made responsible for the  ai. Moreover, the relation of ai to - ai is not explained. The Romans, it is true, used ae for ai in words,   gaesum, under ; yet the use of  ê to represent ae in  Graecus ( Krêks,  Chriah, ‘Greek’) is  opposed to this. At the same period as the adoption of the names and  ( Rûmôneis), i.e., the beginning of our era, the Teutons must have borrowed the  term, connecting it chiefly with Caius Julius Cæsar (similarly the Slavs use the name  of Charlemagne, in the sense of ‘king’;  kraljǐ,  korolǐ, whence  karálius, ‘king’); yet not until the Roman emperors adopted the title Cæsar could this word, which probably existed previously in, assume the meaning ‘emperor,’ while the Romance nations adhered to the  title imperator;   empereur. césarǐ (in contracted Car) is derived through a  medium (which also elucidates  and  keiser) from Cæsar. Thus is the earliest  word borrowed by  (see ). For a Kelt loan-word meaning ‘king’ see under.   ,, ‘cabin,’ early , from kajüte,  kajuit,  cajute. The origin of the group is obscure, but is hardly to be assigned to. <section end="Kajüte" /> <section begin="Kalander" /> ,, ‘weevil,’ from the  and  kalander (  calandre). <section end="Kalander" /> <section begin="Kalb" /> ,, ‘calf,’ from the  kalp (b),  chalb ( chalbir), ;   cealf,  calf,  kalf,  kalfr, ;  has only a  kalbô ( chalba,  kalbe), ‘heifer over a year old that has not calved.’  kilbere, ,  chilburra, , ‘ewe lamb,’ is in a different stage of gradation;   cilforlamb, ‘ewe lamb,’ and    (Swiss), ‘young ram,’ ( <section end="Kalb" />