Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/173

Hok  ,, ‘hocus-pocus,’ only. It became current in England, where a book on conjuring, with the title ‘Hocus Pocus junior,’ appeared in 1634 A.D. The early history of this apparently fantastic and jocose expression is still obscure; its connection with the phrase used in the celebration of mass, ‘hoc enim est corpus meum,’ cannot be established.  ,, ‘favourable, gracious, charming, lovely,’ from holt ( holdes),  hold, , ‘gracious, condescending, favourable, faithful’;  hulþs, ‘gracious,’  hollr, ‘gracious, faithful, healthy,’  and  hold. The common  originally denoted the relation of the feudal lord and his retainers (‘condescending, gracious,’ on the one side, ‘faithful, devoted,’ on the other);   holde,, ‘vassal.’ The idea expressed by  was also current in the religious sphere —  unhulþôns, ,  ‘fiends, devils,’  holdo, ‘genius,’  die guoten holden, ‘penates.’  is usually connected with an  root hal, ‘to bow,’ to which  hald, ‘inclined,’ is allied; see. It has also been referred to on the supposition that the dental is derivative;, , ‘guarded, nursed’?. From the phonetic point of view there is no important objection to either of these derivations.  ,, the same as.  ,, to fetch,’ from holn (variant haln), ,  holôn (halôn), ‘to call, invite, lead or fetch (hither).’   halôn,  halia,  halen, ‘to fetch’;  geholian and *gehalian,  to hale. The root hal, hol, corresponds to  calâre, ‘to convoke,’  καλεῖν. further, , which probably belong also to the same root.  ', ' (rarely ),, ‘holster,’ in which sense it is only;  hulfter, ‘quiver,’ a derivative of hulft, ‘sheath, covering, case’ ( huluft). These cognates are often wrongly connected with hulistr,, ‘sheath, covering,’ which is said to be supported by the  variant huls, ‘sheath, covering,’  holster and its   holster. By such an assumption the f of the, , and form still remains obscure. It is more probably allied to forms with f, such as hwilftrjôs, ‘coffin.’ It is possible, of course, that there has been a confusion with the words from the  stem hul ( hulistr, ‘sheath, covering’).   ,, ‘large, heavy ship,’ from holche,  hoicho, transport ship;   holk,  hulk, ‘transport ship,’  hulk. This word, like other nautical terms (see ), appears earliest in, in which hulc, ‘liburna,’ is found in the 9th  holcas is scarcely derived from ὁλκάς?. It is true that some etymologists also ascribe other naval terns to a  origin. .   ,, ‘hell,’ from the  hęlle,  hęlla, , from hallja;   halja,  and  hell,  hęlla; a common  term applied by Christianity to ‘hades, infernum’; the  hel shows that the earlier word upon which it is based was also used in prehistoric times for a heathen ‘infernum.’  also  Hel, the goddess of the dead. It was possible for Christianity to adopt the old heathen word in all the languages; in this case it is quite unnecessary to assume the diffusion of a  or other term. It is usually connected with the root hel, hal, ‘to cover for concealment,’ hence, ‘the hiding-place.’ See ,.   ,, ‘holm,’ first occurs in ; a word;  , , and  holm ( ‘sea, lake,’  ‘hill’),  holmr, ‘small island in a bay or river.’ Apart from the divergent sense in , the words (whence  cholmŭ, ‘hill,’ from  *chŭlmŭ, is borrowed) are related to the cognates of  hill (allied to  collis, culmen). See.  ,, ‘to jolt,’ only ( hülpen), for which in late  holpeln once occurs. Of imitative origin.  ,, from the  holunder, holder,  holantar, holuntar, , ‘elder’; for  -tar as a suffix see ,. Its relation to the  ellen,  elder, is dubious. It is most closely allied to the  kalína.   ,, ‘wood, timber,’ from and  holz, , ‘forest, thicket, timber.’ In the remaining dialects the meaning ‘forest’ preponderates. holt,, ‘forest, thicket,’ so too and  holt, , (wanting in ), but  hout, ‘thicket, wood (as material).’  type hultos, from pre- kldos;   (with a different stage of gradation) klada, , ‘beam,<section end="Holz" />