Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/166

Hem it cannot be decided in which division of the Saxon and group the technical term originated; as in other instances — see,  —  contains the earliest record of the word. The helm (see ), ‘helve, handle,’ which occurs only once, and its variant halme, do not seem to be actually allied to the present term; they are connected with.   ,, ‘shirt,’ from and  hęmde, hęmede,  hęmidi, , ‘shirt,’  ‘long under-garment’; allied to  hemethe,  hęmeþe ( *hameiþi?); a  term, formed like  jungîdi, ‘young of animals.’ The sense ‘short garment, bodice,’ originates in  hama-, ‘garment,’ the same as  hamr, , ‘covering, skin, external form.’ See further under , also ,. The form *hameiþja- previous to its permutation was kamîtjo-, and with this the late  term camisia, ‘tunica interior, under-garment, shirt,’ recorded at the beginning of the 5th, and chiefly in relation to soldiers, must be connected in some way; it differs little from the assumed form in pre-;  hams,  (from hamisa-), ‘slough of a snake,’ has a derivative s. Probably çamulýa, ‘shirt,’ is  allied. Since there is no doubt that the word is classical, the vulgar camisia must be traced back to a  origin, which is also attested by  hefis, ‘chemise,’ and  caimmse, ‘nomen vestis.’ The relation of the initial  h to  c would correspond to that of  Chivert to its  original Hiltibert, i.e. a  ch forms the connecting link. In camîsia we obtain for   other related terms in  ( chemise,  camicia).  ,, from the  hęmmen , hamen, ‘to stop, hinder, check’;  *hamên and *hęmmen are wanting. The early existence of the word, which is not found in, is proved by hemja, ‘to check,’ and  çamay, ‘to annihilate,’ which is perhaps cognate with the latter. It is based upon a root ham, meaning ‘to mutilate’;   ham (inflected form hammêr), ‘lame, paralytic’ ( *ham-ma-, from *ham-na-,  a ), and further also  hamal, ‘mutilated’ (see ). suggests the possibility of a different etymology— hemja, ‘to curb any one, lame, check,’ from hǫm,, ‘hind-leg of a horse,’ hemill, ‘rope for tethering cattle by the thighs when they are grazing,’ hafa hemil á, ‘to restrain any one.’ In  and   means only ‘to tether horses when grazing,’  also  kámanos, , ‘bridle.’  ,, ‘stallion,’ from hęngest,  hęngist, , ‘gelding, horse (generally),’   hengst, , ‘stallion,’  hęngest, , ‘male horse (generally),’ obsolete at the beginning of the  period;  hestr (from *hinhistr), , ‘stallion, horse (generally).’ The earlier meaning of the  word was equus castratus, and by the adoption of the general term , ‘horse,’ the word obtained in  (from the 15th ) as ‘ungelded, male horse.’ In  probably *hangists. The attempt to explain the word etymologically has not yet been successful;  szankus, ‘nimble’ (of horses)?, or  kinkýti, ‘to put (horses) to’?.   ,, ‘handle, shank,’ simply, allied to.  ,, ‘to hang, suspend,’ from and  hęnken,  a variant of  and  hęngen (k is  gj). To these two words, varying in sound, different meanings were attached;  hęnken, ‘to hang up,’ hęngen, ‘to hang down (one's head),’  ‘to give a horse the reins.’ Yet  hęngen is also used in the sense of hęnken, ‘to execute by hanging.’  ,, from the  (rare) hęnker, hęnger, , ‘hangman,’ allied to.   ,, ‘hen,’ from and  hęnne,  henna, ;   hęnn,  hen ( hana was even in the  period supplanted by its  cock); a West   of the common  hano, ‘cock,’ to which are allied the graded forms,  hœna,  and  ho̊na, ‘hen’ ( also hęnin, hęninna, ‘hen’). See,.   , see.  ,, ‘hither, this way.’ from hër (hëre),  hëra, , ‘hither,’ formed like  wara, ‘whither’; allied to  hiri,  imperat., ‘come here.’ Connected with a  stem hi-. See, ,. ,, from the  hęre, inflected hęrwer (also hare, inflected harwer), ‘bitter, harsh’;  and  *har-wa- is wanting. Allied to