Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/158

Har καρτερεῖν, to ?;   durare, akin to durus). ',, ‘hard, rough,’  simply;  harsh (‘bitter, severe’); unknown to , , and . Clearly a derivative of ;  , allied to ,  *rasqa- to raþa-, ‘quick’ ( rado),  horskr, ‘quick,’ to  hrade,  beiskr, ‘bitter,’ to  bait-ra-; hence  hardus, ‘hard,’ perhaps presupposes *harsks, *harsqs. Yet it might also be connected with  hörtl, ‘hardness of the frozen ground’;  , ‘snow-crust,’ . But  (‘hard’) alone suffices to elucidate this latter sense, as is shown by  hęrtemânôt,  hęrtemânot, ‘hard month,’ applied to December and January. See the following word. ',  ‘hard, stiff, severe, stern, difficult, hard by,’ from  hęrte, hart,  (harte, ;  , , allied to ,  to , &c.), ‘hard, firm, difficult, painful,’  hęrti, harti, hart,  (harto, ), ‘hard’;   heard, ‘hard, strong, brave,’  hard (hardy is probably derived directly from  —  hardi, which, however, is a derivative of  ),  hardus, , ‘hardy, severe.’ A common   from pre- kartús;   κρατύς, ‘strong, powerful, potentate,’ καρτερός, κρατερύς, ‘strong, staunch, mighty, violent,’ , κάρτα, ‘very strongly’ ( harto, , ‘very, extremely’); allied perhaps to  krátu-s, , ‘force, strength’ (root kar, ‘to do, make’), or however to  kartùs, ‘bitter’ (root kṛt, ‘to cut, split’). Others compare çárdha-s, ‘bold, strong,’ to the.  ', ', and, ‘forest,’ from  hart, , , and ,  hart, ‘forest’;  also  from spëhtes hart (allied to );  for  Hart;  in the Palatinate.   ,, ‘resin,’ from harz,  and , ‘resin, bitumen,’ with the variants hars, harse;  harz, and with a suffix harzoh, ‘resin’;  hars, , with an abnormal s, but  hart; unknown to  and  as well as ; of obscure origin, scarcely allied to  κάρδαμον, ‘cress,’ For other  words with the same meaning see under  and  (also ).  ,, ‘to snatch,’ a word made current by Luther, unknown to the modern  dialects as well as to ,  , and all other languages. Probably connected with, , root haf ( capio); *hafskón, ‘to seize,’ must have become *haskôn in , just as  haifsts, , ‘quarrel, fight,’ has become the   heisti, ‘violent’;   forscôn, ‘to demand,’ for *forhskôn,  waúrstw, ‘work, for *waúrhstw. ,, .  ,, ‘hare,’ from hase,  haso, ; a common  term for ‘hare’;   haas,  hara (with change of s into r),  hare,  here, ;  *hasa ( haso) or *haza ( hara), is by chance not recorded. To the pre- kasa(n), çaçá (instead of çasá, just as çváçuras for *sváçuras,  ), ‘hare,’ corresponds; the word also occurs in a remarkable manner only once again in  (as sasins for szasinas). The word kasa-, ‘hare,’ may be connected with  hasu, ‘grey.’ From  is derived  hase,, ‘doe-hare.’ — The term , ‘hare-lip,’ is not recorded in  until the 14th , but it already exists in  as hœrsceard (in  hare-lip);  further the  nickname Skarðe, also  has-skerde, ‘hare-lipped.’   ,, ‘hazel,’ from the  hasel,  hasala, , hasal, ;   hœsel,  hazel,  hasl (hence hǫslur, , ‘boundary posts’); the common  word for ‘hazel,’ from pre- kósolo-; hence in , with the normal change of s into r, corulus, ‘hazel’;  further  coll, ‘hazel,’ for *cosl.   ', ',, ‘hasp, clamp, hinge,’ from haspe, hespe, , ‘hinge of a door; windle’ (with the variant hispe, , ‘clasp’),  haspa, ‘a reel of yarn’;   hespa, , ‘hank, skein of wool; bolt of a door’;  hasp,  haspe, ‘bolt, wollen yarn,’ so too  hœsp, hœps, heps,. The double sense ‘door bolt, door look, and hasp,’ seems ; as a technical term in weaving, this word, like, found its way into ( aspo,  hasple); see also. Whether the two meanings have been developed from one, or whether two distinct words have been combined, is uncertain, since we have no etymological data.   ,, from the  haspel, ,  haspil, , ‘reel, windle'; a derivative of.   ,, ‘haste, hurry,’ simply;