Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/157

Han  League, while the sense ‘troop’ became obsolete even in. The nominal  is simply  ‘to admit any one into a corporation’ (not into the  only).   ,, only, different from the earlier homonymous word mentioned under ;  ‘to make a , i.e. a fool, of anybody’ ( the abusive terms , , ).  ,, from the late  hantieren, ‘to trade, sell’; not a derivative of , meaning ‘to handle,’ because in that case we should expect nd for nt in  and , but from  hanter, ‘to haunt, frequent,’ which found its way from  into the  dialects. It is curious to observe in how many ways obscure words have been corrupted in. the earlier spelling. ,, ‘to stick, hitch,’ formed from  haperen, ‘to miss, stutter’; yet also  hăperen (as well as Swiss hâpen, ‘to crawl’?). The corresponding terms, origin, and history of the diffusion of the cognates are obscure.  ,, ‘harp,’ from the  harfe, harpfe,  harfa, harpha, ;   hearpe, ,  harp; a common  word (Venantius Fortunatus calls harpa a barbaric, i.e.  instrument), denoting a string instrument peculiar to the Teutons. Its use was confined in earlier times to the chiefs, just as the violin or fiddle was to the common folk.   ', ',, ‘herring,’ from the  hœ̂rinc (-ges), ,  hâring, ;   haring,  hœ̂ring, ,  herring; a specifically West  word (in  sild), whose â (œ̂) is also attested by   and by the  pronunciation with œ̂. The, , and variant hęring points to a connection with  hęri, ‘army,’ and thus regards the fish as ‘one that comes in shoals,’ as , ‘small army.’ Whether the older form hâring (Anglo- hœ̂ring) is related to these cognates is uncertain. The word found its way into  ( hareng).   ,, ‘rake,’ a word, in  ;   hark,  *hearge, EL. harrow, herfe,, ‘harrow,’  harv,  hœrf. Considering the almost certain identity of the words, their phonetic relations present some difficulties. The root might perhaps be kharj, ‘to scratch,’ yet  hyrwe (*hearge),  harrow,  herfe, ‘rake,’ are difficult to reconcile with it.   ,, ‘harlequin,’ first naturalised towards the end of the 17th from  arlecchino (applied to the masked clown in  comedy), and  harlequin, arlequin.   ,, ‘harm, distress, sorrow,’ very rarely occurs in and earlier , probably formed from  harm and revived in the last  through the influence of  literature ;  (entirely disused) harm, , ‘injury, pain’;  haram,  harm, , ‘affront, cutting words, mortification’;  hearm , ‘insult, harm’;  harm;  harm, , ‘grief, care.’ From pre- *karma,  *çarma?, çîrma?. This is also indicated by sramŭ (from *sormŭ),, ‘shame, disgrace.’ An  ( and ) compound,  haramscara,  harmscara, , ‘outrageous, excruciating punishment,’ was retained as late as , in which harn-, harm-schar, ‘torment, distress, punishment,’ remained current, when  alone had already disappeared. .   ,, ‘urine,’ earlier variant  (Luther), from  harn ( and East ), harm,  and ,  haran, , ‘urine’ (respecting the variant with m see ); a specifically  word, probably identical  with  scearn,  skarn, , ‘mud’; sk and h (the latter for k without s) would have interchanged in. Allied to σκώρ; , , ,. The derivation of from a root har, ‘to pour out,’ remains dubious. <section end="Harn" /> <section begin="Harnisch" /> ,, ‘harness, armour,’ from harnasch, variants harnas, harnesch, , ‘harness’; borrowed at the end of the 12th  from  harnais, ‘armour, gear,’ which has come to be a common  term ( arnese), but may be traced probably to a  source ( haiarnaez, ‘iron utensils’); the connecting link might be  harnez, ‘armour’ ( harness). <section end="Harnisch" /> ,, ‘to wait, linger in expectation, delay,’ from harren, ‘to wait, sojourn’; a  word, entirely unknown to  as well as the other  dialects, but undoubtedly a genuine  term; of obscure origin (allied, like