Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/156

Han Yet the fact remains that the old names of parts of the body have no corresponding verbal stems; , , , ,. With regard to the form, it is to be observed that the word, according to handus, was  a u-stem, but is declined even in  like nouns in i, though traces of the u declension remain throughout  and ;.

, ‘kind, sort,’ is developed from the medial sense ‘side’;  ze beiden handen, ‘on both sides,’ aller hande, ‘of every kind,’ vier hande, ‘of four sorts.’  ,, ‘to manage, act, deal, bargain,’ from handeln,  hantalôn, ‘to grasp with the hands, touch, feel, prepare, perform’ (hence O. Lorraine handeleir, ‘to sweep’); a derivative of ; , , has arisen from the   merely, just as  from  (see ),  from ,  from  — since it does not appear until late  (handel, , ‘transaction, procedure, event, negotiation, wares’). handlian, to handle,  handele,  to  handle;  hǫndla, ‘to treat.’  ,, ‘handicraft, trade, guild,’ from hantwerc, , ‘manual labour,’ but in the  period confused with antwerc, , ‘tool, machine,’ whence the meaning ‘any vocation requiring the use of tools’ was developed.   ,, ‘hemp,’ from hanf, hanef, ,  hanaf, hanof, ; a common  word for ‘hemp’ ( *hanaps is by chance not recorded);   hœnep,  hemp,  hampr. The usual assumption that the word was borrowed from the South  κάνναβις ( cannabis) is untenable. The Teutons were not influenced by Southern civilisation until the last century or so before our era; no word borrowed from - has been fully subject to the substitution of consonants (see  (1),, and the earliest loan-words under ). But the substitution of consonants in *hanaps compared with  κἀνναβις proves that the word was naturalised among the Teutons even before 100 B.C. “The Greeks first became acquainted with hemp in the time of Herodotus; it was cultivated by the Scythians, and was probably obtained from Bactria and Sogdiana, the regions of the Caspian and the Aral, where it is said to grow luxuriantly even at the present time.”  Thus we can all the more readily reject the assumption of South  influence;. Why should not the Teutons in their migration from Asia to Europe have become acquainted with the culture of hemp when passing through the south of Russia, where the plant grows wild, and indeed among the very people who directly or indirectly supplied the Greeks with the word κἀνναβις? ( also ). κἀνναβις itself is a borrowed term, and *hanaps corresponds in sound quite as well with  konoplja,  kanápes, ‘hemp.’ The word is found even among the Persians (kanab). It does not seem to be genuinely Aryan.   ,, ‘declivity, propensity, bias,’ from hanc (-ges), , ‘declivity, banging.’ See.  ,, ‘to hang, be suspended,’ from hâhen (hienc, gehangen),  hâhan (hiang, gihangan),  ;  , from  fâhan: before h an n is suppressed (  dâhta from denchan,  from ; ,  brâhta, from ). Corresponding to hangen,  hôn (hêng, hangen),  to hang,  hâhan for *hanhan, , ‘to hang.’ In , , and , the old   has been confused with the corresponding  , so that the  and  meanings have been combined;   hangen,  to hang, ‘to suspend and to be suspended’; in  hâhen, is  and , while hangen ( hangên,  hangian) is  only, ‘to be suspended’; to this is allied  and  hęngen, ‘to hang down (one's head), give a horse its head, permit, grant,’. The  is due to a blending in sound of  hâhen (hangen) and hęngen, yet in meaning it represents only  hâhen,  hâhan. Terms undoubtedly allied to the common root hanh (hâh) are wanting in the other Aryan languages;  hâhan, ‘to leave in doubt,’ has been compared with  cunctari, ‘to delay.’  ,, ‘Hanse,’ from hans, hanse, , ‘mercantile association with certain defined powers as knights, merchant's guild’;  an  word ( signifying any corporation, association?  and  hansa, ,  hôs, ‘troop’), yet it soon became current in all  dialects, and has been preserved in its application to the towns of the great North  