Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/155

Hal, as in  for the earlier batiz;  haldiz formed, like  haldis,  heldr, ‘rather.’ In no case is it related to the   hald, ‘inclined,’ mentioned under ; with the exception of the  halto, , no other word in the posit. can be found. ,, ‘to hold, support, detain, observe, perform, consider,’ from the  halten,  haltan;   haldan, ‘to preserve, receive, detain as a prisoner, tend (cattle), adhere to, maintain,’  houden (see ),  healdan,  , ‘to watch over, lead, possess, rule,’  to hold;  haldan,  , ‘to graze cattle’; a   common to. According to the variant halthan, haltan points to the normal  form *halþan, which is also supported by  halla. The sense of  haldan is perhaps ‘to keep together by careful watching,’ hence ‘to tend a herd, govern a tribe, rule.’ In the non- languages an Aryan root kalt of cognate meaning is not found. If the dental belonged to the  stem merely, the word might also be derived from the root kol, and hence connected with  βου-κόλος. No relation between haldan and is possible. —, , is wanting both in  and.  ,, ‘tunnel-net,’ from and  hame; akin probably to the   haver,  håf, ,  hamo, , ‘tunnel-net.’ The latter word is considered identical with  *hamo (in lîhhamo, ‘body,’  gûðhamo, feðarhamo;  , , and ),  ‘covering, dress.’ From the meaning ‘,’ in the restricted sense in which it is used by fishermen and huntsmen (i.e. ‘toils’), the signification ‘net’ might of course be developed; but that is not certain. hamo, ham, hame,, ‘fishing-rod, fishing-hook,’ and the modern  , are not allied to the words mentioned above; they seem to be cognate with  hâmus, ‘fishing-hook, hook’; the h might be explained as in.   ,, ‘malicious,’ from late hęmisch, , ‘close, malicious, cunning, perfidious,’  perhaps ‘veiled, obscure’; allied to  *hamo, ‘covering, dress,’ mentioned under , , and.   ,, from the   and  hamel,  hamal, , ‘wether’ ( also ‘steep, rugged height; cliff, pole’);  an  used as a ,  hamal, ‘mutilated,’ which elucidates the  meanings;  hamalôn,  hameln (and hamen), ‘to mutilate,’  hamelian,  to hamble (‘mutilate, lame’);  hamalscorro, , ‘boulder,’  hamal-, hamalung-stat, , ‘place of execution,’  hamelstat,  and , ‘indented coast,’ hamelstat, , ‘rugged ground.’ Allied to  ham (inflected hammêr), , ‘mutilated, crippled’ , just as  mouton to  mutilus.   ,, ‘hammer, clapper,’ from the  hamer ( hęmer),  hamar ( hamarâ), ;   hamur,  hamor, ,  hammer, and its   hamarr,  (also ‘cliff, rock’); the common  word for ‘hammer,’ by chance not recorded in  only. For the elucidation of its earlier history the subsidiary meanings in are important; the cognate term kamy in  signifies ‘stone.’ Hence it has been assumed that  is  ‘stone weapon.’ Whether  açman, ‘rock, stone weapon, hammer, anvil,’ &c., and  ἄκμων, ‘anvil’ ( aknmů, ‘stone’), are also allied is uncertain.   ', ',, ‘eunuch,’ simply, a  of.   ,, from the  hant-vol, ‘a handful.’   ,, from the  hamster, , ‘German marmot’;  hamastro, , signifies only ‘curculio, weevil,’ so too  hamstra, , for *hamastra. The existing meaning is probably the earlier. In form the word stands quite alone; its occurrence in only, perhaps supports the view that it was borrowed. A corresponding word has not yet been found in a neighbouring language.   ,, ‘hand,’ from the  and  hant, ;   and  hand,  hand, ,  hand,  hǫnd,  handus, ; a common  word for ‘hand,’ unknown to the other divisions of the Aryan group, most of the languages having special terms of their own. It is usually derived from hinþan, ‘to catch,’ frahunþans,, ‘prisoner’ ( the cognate  to hunt,  huntian), in the sense of ‘the grasping, seizing part,’ and to this there is no objection, as far as the sound and meaning are concerned. <section end="Hand" />