Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/153

Hah  ,, ‘cock,’ from han,  hano, ;   hana (as well as cocc,  cock),  hane,  hana, ; a common  word for ‘cock,’ with the stem hanan-, hanin-, which is common to the  dialects. A corresponding  is merely West ;  hęnna,  and  hęnne,,  hęnn. On the other hand, seems to be really of common gender; it may at least be applied in  to ‘cock’ also;  Otfried’s êr thaȥ huan singe, ‘before the cock crows,’  ‘sings.’ In this passage we have a confirmation of the fact that the crowing of the cock was regarded as its song. The term by general acceptation signifies ‘singer.’ With this word, according to the laws of substitution, the stem of  canere, ‘to sing’ (  gaidýs, ‘cock,’  ‘singer,’ allied to gêdoti, ‘to sing’). A, ‘songstress,’ of is hardly conceivable; thus it follows that  is merely a recent West  form. The common gender, however, can hardly be connected with the root kan, ‘to sing,’ since it is, at least, a form. The method of its formation, as the name of the agent, has no analogies.   ,, ‘cuckold,’ only; of obscure origin; in earlier  it signifies ‘capon.’ Its figurative sense, ‘cuckold,’ derived from ‘capon,’ agrees with the expression ,  ‘to wear horns.’ Formerly the spur was frequently cut of and placed as a horn in the comb; the hoodwinked husband is thus compared to a capon. On account of the earlier variant, we may regard as a compound of.   ,, simply , from the  haai, , ‘shark,’  haj,  há-r.   ,, ‘grove,’ made current by Klopstock as a poetical term. The form of the word, as is shown under (1), may be traced back to, in which, however,  is but a rare variant of ; it signified  ‘thorn-bush, thorn, fence, abatis, enclosed place.’ Thus the word does not imply the idea of sacredness which Klopstock blended with it.   ', ',, ‘hook, clasp,’ from hâke, hâken, ,  hâko, hâcko, , ‘hook.’ The  k can neither be  k nor  g; the former would be changed into ch, the latter would remain unchanged. The variants hâgo, hâggo,   hâgge, point to  *hêgga,, ‘hook’. Curiously, however, the corresponding words of the cognate dialects have k and are graded: hôc,, ‘hook,’  hook,  hoek, ‘hook’;  also  haak,  hăca,  hăke, , ‘hook.’ The relations of the gutturals (especially of the gg) are still obscure;  also , , ,. A typical form is wanting. It it is impossible to connect the word, hâhan (for hanhan); it ia more probably related to  and.  ,, ‘half,’ from halp,  halb ( halbes). ;  and  half,  half,  healf,  half,  hálfr,  halbs, ; the common   for  ; there are no undoubted cognates in the non- languages ( halba-, from pre- kalbho-). The of the  is used in  as a  in the sense of ‘side, direction’;  halba,  halfa,  halba,  halbe,  halƀa; hence it might seem as if the  had  some such meaning as ‘lateral, that which lies on one side.’ But in any case the  in the sense of ‘half’ was purely a numeral in  ; the  method of reckoning  (1$1⁄2$),  (2$1⁄2$),  (3$1⁄2$), is common to ;   halfr annarr (1$1⁄2$), halfr þriþe (2$1⁄2$), halfr fjorþe (3$1⁄2$);  ôþer healf, þridde healf, feorþe healf; even in  this enumeration exists (it is wanting in ); in  it has been retained from the earliest period.

', ',, ‘on account of,’ from halp, halbe, halben, ‘on account of, by reason of, from, concerning’;  a case of the   halbe, , ‘side,’ mentioned under  , hence construed with the ;  mîn-halp, dîn-halp, der herren halbe, sëhens halben, ‘on my, thy account, on the gentlemen's account, for the sake of seeing.’ Similarly the  , ‘on account of,’ recorded in the 15th , is a petrified form of the inflected ; so too ,  , halbe, halp, from  halb, probably an   (since Notker  has been used as a ). This usage is also found in the other languages;   af-halfu,  on-, bi-halfe;  in þizai halbai, ‘in this respect.’  ,, ‘precipice, declivity, slope,’ from halde,  halda, , ‘mountain declivity.’  hallr, ‘hill, slope,’ 