Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/152

Haf the sense of altum (‘high sea’), with  (root haf, pre- kap), is not impossible, though scarcely probable.    (1.),, ‘hold, clasp, brace, rivet,’ from and  haft. , ‘bond, fetter,’ also,  hœft, ,  haft, , ‘setter.’ Connected with the root haf in ,  ‘to seize.’

 (2.),, ‘keeping, custody, prison,’ from and  haft (i stem) and hafta, ,  hafta, , ‘imprisonment.’ To this are allied  and  haft,  hœft, , ‘captured,’  haptr, , ‘prisoner,’ hapta, , ‘captured woman.’ The root haf  has preserved in these forms its old signification;   captus, captîvus. See the following word.  , suffix, as in, , &c.;  an independent , ‘combined with,’ which was used as a suffix even in  and ; in  audahafts, ‘overwhelmed with happiness, supremely happy.’ This suffix is usually identified with the  hafta-,  captus, discussed under  (2.). It might also be derived from the root hab, ‘to have,’ habere; the meaning supports the latter supposition.  ,, ‘hedge, fence, enclosure,’ from hac, hages, , , ‘thorn bushes, copse, fence, enclosed wood, park,’  hag, , once as ‘urbs’ (  , and names of places ending in );  haag, , ‘enclosure, hedge,’  haga, ,  haw, ‘enclosure, small garden’;  hage, , ‘pasture.’ Only in  is a cognate word wanting;  , , , and. The derivation is uncertain; it is at all events not connected with, root haw; the meaning of  is unsuitable.   , ‘hawthorn,’ an term,  hagedorn,  hœgþorn, hagaþorn,  hawthorn,  hagþorn,. .   ,, from the  hagel,  hagal, , ‘hail’;   hagel, ,  hagol, hœgel, ,  hail;  hagl, ; the common  word for ‘hail,’ by chance not recorded in  only. A single pebble was called a ‘stone.’ haglsteinn,  hœgelstân,  hailstone,  and earlier. , ‘to hail,’, ‘hailstone.’ Perhaps itself signified  nothing but a ‘pebble’; at least there are no phonetic difficulties against the deriva - tion from pre- kaghlo-, ‘flint-stone’ (  κάχληξ, ‘small stone, pebble’).   ,, ‘grave,’ from hagen,  hagan, , ‘thorn-bush, fence of thorns’; even in  a contracted variant hain, , occurs, See the latter and.  ', ',, from the  hagen, behagen, ‘to please, gratify,’  *bihagôn:   bihagôn,  onhagian, ‘to please, suit.’ The stem hag, ‘to suit,’ is widely diffused in , and its   is preserved in  and  (gihagan and behagen, ‘suitable’). Allied to hagr,, ‘skilful,’ hagr, , ‘state, situation, advantage,’ hœgr, ‘suitable.’ The root hag, from pre- kak, corresponds to the  root çak, ‘to be capable, able, conducive,’ whence çakrá, ‘strong, helpful.’ , (in  ), ‘haggard, lean,’ from  hager, ;   haggard ( hagger), which is usually connected with  hag.  ,, ‘old bachelor,’ from hagestolz, , a strange corruption of the earlier hagestalt,  hagastalt, ,  ‘possessor of an enclosure’ (allied to  staldan, ‘to possess’); a West  legal term, which originated before the Anglo-Saxons crossed to England ( also  haukstaldr). It was used in contrast to the owner of the manor-house, which was inherited by the eldest son, in accordance with the custom of primogeniture, and signified the owner of a small enclosed plot of ground, such as fell to the other sons, who could not set up a house of their own, and were often entirely dependent on their eldest brother. Even in glosses, hagustalt as an  is used for  caelebs (hagustalt lîp, ‘single life’), and even for mercenarius, ‘hired labourer’;  hagestalt,, ‘single man’;  hagustald, , ‘farm-servant, servant, young man’;  hœgsteald, hagosteald, , ‘youth, warrior.’ The same phases in the development of meaning may be seen in the - baccalaureus,  bachelier,  bachelor.   ,, ‘jay, jackdaw,’ from hëher,  and ,  hëhara, ; in , by a grammatical change, higora, ,  here and hegre, , ‘jay,’  heger. It is rightly compared with κίσσα (from *κίκjα), ‘jay,’ or  çakuná, ‘a large bird’ ( ciconia, ‘stork’).

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