Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/146

Gra grǫnu, grǫn, ‘moustache.’ To the Goth grana, recorded by Isidore, are due  greña, ‘tousled hair,’ and  grenon, ‘moustache and whiskers.’ The  cognates are  allied to  grend,  greann, ‘moustache’ and ‘shaggy hair.’ See.   ,, ‘ship's beak,’ from grans, , ‘bird's beak, ship's beak,’  grans, granso, ‘ship's beak’; a corresponding word is wanting in the other  languages. Origin obscure.  ,, ‘to grasp, snatch,’ simply ; probably allied to  , and  to grab, to grasp,  gṛbh, ‘to seize,’  grópti, ‘to snatch, grasp.’  ,, ‘grass,’ from the  and  gras, ; corresponding to  and  gras,  grœs (gœrs),  grass,  gras, , ‘herb’; common to  but unknown to the other Aryan languages. Allied to gruose ( *grôsa), ‘young shoot, green of plants’; probably the s in these words is a suffix, so that the  root is grâ-;   χόρτος, ‘grass.’ An Aryan root ghra- is also attested by  grâmen, as well as by   and its cognates.   ,, ‘horrible, hideous, ghastly,’ formed from early ; the latter is derived from  graȥ, ‘furious, angry,’ of which  preserves only the  graȥȥo, ‘violently, very’;  *grata-, as well as correspondences in the remaining dialects, is wanting. grêtan, ‘to weep’ ( grâȥen), is scarcely allied.   ',, and ', , ‘point, ridge, fish-bone,’ from grât, , ‘fish-bone, awn, back-bone, mountain ridge’; in  the word has assumed two forms, according to the meanings. Since, ‘awn,’ has also the sense ‘fish-bone,’ both words may perhaps be traced back to a common root gra-, ‘to be pointed, bristly.’  ,, ‘grey,’ from the  grâ ( grâwes),  grâo ( grâwes); corresponding to  graauw,  grœ̂g,  grey, gray,  grár, ‘grey.’ Its origin and further relations cannot be traced; Aryan ghrêw?.  ,, from the  griul, griuwel, , ‘terror, horror, abomination’ ( gruwel); allied to  ,  grûwen, ‘to horrify, terrify,’  ingrûên, ‘to shudder.’ Akin  also to  , from  grûwesam, ‘exciting terror’;  , from  griuwelich. The root grû, ‘to frighten,’ is wanting in the rest of the dialects. See.   ,, ‘peeled grain or barley,’ first occurs in early ; in the 15th the compound îs-grûpe, ‘hailstone,’ is recorded. Allied to grœpe, grjupe, ‘shot,’ as well as  krupa,  krupa, ‘crumb,’  krupa, ‘hail, sleet.’ Probably the cognates are native to Slavonic.   ,, ‘horror, dread,’ from grûs, , ‘dread, terror’; allied to  ,  grûsen, griusen,  grûwisôn, grûsôn, ‘to be terrified’; formed from the suffix -isôn and the root grû. See, where is also discussed. <section end="Graus" /> <section begin="Grauß" /> ,, ‘gravel,’ from , grûȥ. See. <section end="Grauß" /> <section begin="Greif" /> ,, ‘griffin,’ from the  grîf, grîfe,  grîf, grîfo,. Whether the word was adopted from Greek through an Eastern source before the 8th (hence the change of p into f) is questionable; in any case,  γρύψ, ‘griffin’ (stem γρῦπ; ν in the Byzantine and modern pronunciation equal to î;  ), must be regarded as the final source of ; see also. Chiefly through the legends concerning Duke Ernst the griffin became popular in Germany, though not among the other Teutons. In Romance too the bird is similarly named — griffo, griffone,  griffon ( griffin). Hence grîfo and its Romance correspondences are probably to be traced back to a  grîphus, derived from the Greek word;  also  gríf. Since, moreover, the belief in fabulous birds that carry off men is genuinely, a form *grîpo, ‘snatcher’ (allied to ), may have been combined with γρῦπ-. <section end="Greif" /> ,, ‘to grasp, seize,’ from the  grîfen,  grîfan,  ; corresponding to  grîpan,  grijpen,  grîpan,  to gripe,  greipan, ‘to seize, lay hold of’; a common  , whence  gripper, ‘to clutch,’ and griffe, ‘claw.’ In the non- languages there exists an allied Aryan root ghrī̆b, in  greibiu, greibti, ‘to seize,’ and  griba, ‘will,’ gribêt, ‘to wish.’ ,, ‘to whine, grin,’ from the  grînen,  grînan,  , ‘to distort the mouth with laughing or crying, grumble, snarl,’ allied to