Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/140

Gew  ,, ‘power, authority, force,’ from the  gewalt, , ,  giwalt, , ; allied to.   ,, ‘garment, dress, garb,’ from gewant(d), , ‘clothing, armour, dress stuff, material’ (with the last meaning   is connected);  only in the late recorded compound, badagiwant(t), ‘vestis mutatoria.’ The older word for ‘’ was  gewœte,  giwâti, also  and  wât. giwant, appears as ‘turning, winding,’ and upon this sense (‘enveloping’) the meaning ‘clothing’ is based;  toga, from tegere, ‘to cover.’ See. —  , ‘skilled, proficient, adroit,’ of.  ,, ‘expectant, attentive,’ from gewęrtec, ‘careful, obliging’; allied to  gewarten, ‘to hold oneself ready, watch with observant eyes in order to be ready, for a service, or to admit visitors,’ &c. See.   ,, ‘weapon of defence, gun, musket,’ from gewęr,  , ‘guard, defence, bulwark, weapon; even in  giwęr, , ‘weapon, goad,’ węri, ‘rampart, means of defence.’ Allied to.   ,, ‘horns, antlers,’ from the  gewîge (hirzgewîge), ; in  the corresponding word is wanting;   gewicht, , ‘stag's antlers,’ whence a  variant. The cognates have most frequently been connected with the root wī̆g, ‘to fight’ (see );  would then be regarded as the weapon of the stag.   ,, ‘mode of acquisition, trade, craft, from gewërbe, , ‘activity, business’; allied to.   ,, ‘antlers,’ see. — , . ‘weight,’ from the  gewiht, gewihte, ;  *giwiht; verbal abstract of ; corresponding to  gewiht,  weight,  gewigt,  vœtt.  ,, only,  a  of , ‘to rock,’ hence in , ‘rocked into something,’ i.e. ‘trained up, grown proficient in something.’ ,, ‘to win, acquire, prevail on, conquer,’ from gewinnen,  giwinnan, ‘to attain by work, effort, victory, earn something, conquer, get,’ besides which are found  winnen,  winnan, ‘to toil hard, contend’; corresponding to  winnan (gawinnan),  ‘to suffer, feel pain, torment oneself’ (allied to wunns and winnô, , ‘suffering,’  winna, ‘strife,  winne, ‘pain’),  vinna, ‘to work, perform, win,’  winnan, ‘to contend, exert oneself,  to win,  gewinnen. The primary meaning of the root winn is ‘to toil hard’ (especially used of toiling in fight). Whether wini,  wine, ‘friend,’ and   also belong to the same root is doubtful; yet the  allied  root van signifies ‘to procure for oneself, obtain, assist in obtaining, conquer,’ and ‘to be fond of, favourable to.’  , ,‘conscience,’ from gewiȥȥen, , ‘knowledge, information, privity, inner consciousness, conscience,’ even in  giwiȥȥanî, , ‘conscience’ ( geweten); probably an imitation of  conscientia ( ge  to  con, as in ),  also ; in  midwissei. giwiȥȥanî is most closely connected with, THG. infin wiȥȥan. <section end="Gewissen" /> <section begin="gewiß" /> , and, ‘sure(ly), certain(ly), confident(ly),’ from the   gewis(ss), , gewisse, ,  gewis(ss), , gewisso, , ‘certain, sure, reliable’; corresponding to  wis, gewis; Goth only in unwisa- (misspelt for *unwissa), ‘uncertain.’ The  wissa (gawissa-) is an old  of the  pret.-pres. witan, wiȥȥan (see ), from witta-, widto- (allied to the Aryan root vid). With regard to the pregnant meaning, ‘what is certainly known,’ for ‘what is known,’,  ‘what is heard.’ <section end="gewiß" /> <section begin="Gewitter" /> ,, ‘thunder-storm,’ from gewitere,  giwitiri, ‘bad weather’; collective of ; corresponding to  giwidiri,  *gawidri,. The meaning is wanting in  and. giwitiri may also mean ‘hail.’ <section end="Gewitter" /> ,, ‘favourably inclined,’ from gewëgen, ‘important, inclined’;  a  of  gewëgen, ‘to be weighty, adequate, help.’ See. <section begin="gewöhnen" /> ,, ‘to accustom, inure, habituate,’ from the  gewęnen,  giwęnnan ( giwenita); corresponding to  gewennen,  gewęnnan,  venja,  wanjan, ‘to accustom’; derived from an old  or rather  wana-, ‘accustomed’ ( vanr); for this word a parallel form was chiefly used, the <section end="gewöhnen" />