Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/129

Gas the latter is based upon a root i ( ire, ἰέναι).   ,, ‘guest, visitor; wight; sailor,’ from and  gast ( gęste, gęsti), , ‘stranger, guest’; common, in the same sense, to ;   gasts ( gasteis),  ( gastigôds, ‘hospitable’),  gestr, ‘guest (uninvited),’  gyst, giest, ,  guest,  and  gast. gastiz,, ‘stranger, unbidden or chance guest from some foreign part,’ from pre- ghostis, which left derivatives in and ;  hostis, ‘enemy,’  ‘foreigner, stranger,’  qostĭ, , ‘guest'; with  hostis, ‘foreigner,’ hospes ( *hosti-potis, ‘host’?), might also be connected. It is more than questionable whether West Aryan ghosti-s, ‘stranger,’ is ‘eater, devourer,’ and belongs to the  root ghas, ‘to eat.’ It is worthy of notice in how many ways Teutons and Romans have transformed the idea underlying the old inherited word for ‘stranger'; the Roman regards him as an enemy, among the Teutons he enjoys the greatest privileges — a fine confirmation of Tacitus' account in the Germania. This evolution of meaning would be still more remarkable if the view were correct that hostis, ‘stranger,’ is related to  hostia, ‘victim’ (stranger = ‘one to be sacrificed’?); this collocation is alluring, but very uncertain.   ', ',, ‘to weed,’ from the  jëten, gëten,  jëtan, gëtan; akin to  jetto, , ‘weed, darnel.’ Perhaps  ζητέω, ‘I seek,’ is allied, if the Aryan root is yē̆t.   ,, ‘suitable, convenient,’ an essentially and  word; derived from a parallel  form *gada-, to which  gi-gát, , ‘suitable, agreeing with,’ also points;  , ; so too  godŭ, ‘favourable time,’  gadas, ‘stipulation,’ and  gadelijk, ‘reconcilable.’   ,, ‘spouse, consort, husband,’ from gate (also gegate), , ‘equal associate, one's equals, husband';   gade, ‘husband.’ The last meaning is rare in the  period, and first prevailed over the others in the last century; it is a specialisation of the idea ‘belonging to one another';   gigado, ‘one's equals,’  gegada, ‘companion’; also  gadiliggs, ‘relative,’  gœdeling, ‘member of the same tribe,’  gatuling, ‘cousin,’  gaduling,  ‘countryman, member of the same tribe.’   , , is from  gaten, ‘to come together, agree';  (essentially ) gater, ‘together,’  te gader,  geador and tôgœdere. together; gadrian,  to gather ( vergaderen, ‘to assemble’);  gęti-lôs,  gęte-lôs,, ‘wanton, dissolute,’  ‘free from the restraining bond.’ The ideas of ‘belonging to one another' and of ‘suiting’ are seen in all the cognates of.   ,, ‘railing, lattice, rudder,’ from gater, , , ‘railing, lattice’ (as a gate or fence),  gataro, , ‘railing.’ If the latter represents  ga-doro, the word would be a compound of ga (see ) and  ( datir). On the other hand, it is possibly allied to geat,  gate.   ,, from the  göu, gou, ,  gęwi, gouwi, , ‘district.’ According to  gawi (gaujis), , ‘scenery, country,’ we might have expected  gęwi (gouwes),  göu (gouwes), since j after au becomes w without producing modification. Even now, , is found in , , and Swiss, but in the sense of ‘country’ opposed to town. The word is unknown to, and also to and , in which , as the second part of a compound name applied to a district, is met with only in the very earliest period;  e.g.  œ́lge, ‘district of eels,’  Pathergô, ‘Pader district’ (around Paderborn). The word first obtained currency again in the last century as a result of the study of  (see ). No tenable root has yet been found.   ,, ‘simpleton, gawk, crow, owl, cuckoo’ (as stupid birds), from gouch, , ‘dolt, fool, simpleton,’  ‘cuckoo,’  gouh, ‘cuckoo'; corresponding to  geác,  gaukr (whence Scotch gowk), ‘cuckoo.’ Is k a suffix as in  hafoc, ‘hawk,’ and  ahaks, ‘pigeon’? gouh, *gauks, cannot, however, be allied to  cuculus,  kôkila-s, ‘cuckoo,’ since  g initially cannot represent  and  k. Further is the  word for the later term. <section end="Gauch" /> <section begin="Gaudieb" /> ,, formed from the  gaudeef,  gaauwdicf,  ‘sharp, cunning thief’ (from gaauw, ‘quick, cunning,’ see ), then generally ‘sharper.’

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