Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/128

Gar ‘to ferment, foam,’ and the corresponding factitive *jern (unrecorded, but  jęrian occurs), ‘to cause to ferment’;  jësan is a , and jęrjan a   ( ginësan  , and ginęrian,  ). Noun derivatives of the root jes retain their s (before t) even as late as ; see, under which the cognate nouns from the other  dialects are brought together. The root jes, yes, occurs also in and ;   ζεσ-τός, ‘boiled,’ ζέσ-μα, hence also ζέω for *ζέσω ( ξεσ-μαὸ), ‘to boil, bubble’ (ζ for earlier j, y as in ζυγόν, see ),  root yas, ‘to seethe, boil.’ Considering this agreement of forms with initial j and y,   with g is remarkable; so too  gerþ, ‘yeast’ (but  yeast).   ,, ‘yarn, thread, net, snare,’ from the  and  garn; corresponding to  gearn,  yarn,  garn, ,  garen; the common  term for ‘yarn’ ( *garn, ); the meaning ‘net’ was attached to , even in the  and  period, but it never obtained in  and. We might assume a root gar with some such meaning as ‘to turn,’ but it is not authenticated. Earlier has a series of terms corresponding in sound with  and meaning ‘entrails’;   gǫrn ( garner),, ‘gut, intestines, entrails,’  mittigarni, mittilagarni, , ‘fat found in the middle of the entrails, arvina,’  micgern (cg for dg;   orceard,  orchard, for ortgeard), ‘arvina’ These words have been connected with  żarnà, , ‘gut,’ and  hirâ, , ‘gut,’ though the latter may be allied to  hîra, , ‘gut,’ and hilla for hirla; likewise  haru- in haru-spex, ‘one who examines the entrails, soothsayer,’ and hariolus, ‘soothsayer,’ contain the Aryan root ghar. Perhaps — and nothing further can be sail — all the words discussed above are based on a root ghar, ‘to turn.’  ,, ‘filthy, foul, obscene,’ an extended form of the late garst, , ‘rancid, tasting “high”’;   garstig, ‘insipid, rank, rotten’; akin to  gerstr, ‘morose’ (in appearance). Allied to fastidium, ‘disgust, aversion’?. The latter probably represented *farstidium, like tostus for *torstus, from torreo; f initially corresponds to  g. See under ( fel). But it might perhaps be also connected with horridus for *ghorsidus.  ,, from the  garte,  garto, , ‘garden’; corresponding to  gardo,  garda, , ‘garden’;  garda, , ‘stable.’ Akin to the strong nouns —  gards, , ‘court, house, family’;  garðr, , ‘enclosure, hedge, house, farm,’  gart, , ‘circle, choral dance,’  geard ( yard), ‘enclosure, garden’ ( garden was borrowed in  from  gardin, jardin, which is of  origin). ‘Enclosing,’ and ‘the enclosed space’ are the fundamental ideas of the whole class, which might thus be connected with, root gerd, if the correspondences in the cognate languages did not prove that ‘’ is a pre-, perhaps a common West Aryan form, which cannot belong to a specifically  root. But  is most closely connected with  hortus, ‘garden,’  χόρτος, ‘enclosure, yard, farmyard, pasture, hay, grass,’  gort, ‘cornfield,’ also  co-hors, -tis,, ‘courtyard for cattle and fowls’; if the  word is allied to these, the d of the  and  words is derived from Aryan t, i.e.  garda is based on Aryan ghortó- (not ghórto- from χόρτο-). On the other hand, may be connected with  and  words, which, however, assume that  and  d originated in Aryan dh; OSluv. gradŭ,, ‘enclosure, citadel, town’ (as an enclosed place; gàrdas, ‘fold’). It is possible that in the class two words, different in sound but allied in meaning, have been combined; but the  words were more probably borrowed from. .   ,, ‘gas,’ a word coined by the chemist, Von Helmont, of Brussels (died 1644 A.D.);   gas.   ,, ‘lane, road, row,’ from gaȥȥe,  gaȥȥa, ,  (as even yet in ) ‘street’; corresponding to  gatwô, , ‘lane, street,’  gata ( gǫtu), ‘way, street, path.’ From the  word  gate, ‘way,’ is derived. Properly speaking, the word is unknown to the languages. Whether is allied to  geat,  (Scotch), gate, gait (see ),  and  gat,, ‘hole, cavern,’  gat, , ‘hole,’ and is derived from a  meaning, ‘inlet, opening’ — ,  ‘furnished with an entrance, a gate,’ on account of the suffix -wân? — cannot be definitely decided; in any case, it is impossible to connect with, since