Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/119

Fre  and ; the modern sense dates from the beginning of the 17th.  ,, ‘bold, insolent, shameless,’ from vrëch, , ‘courageous, bold, daring,’  frëh(hh), ‘covetous, greedy’; corresponding to  *friks only in faíhufriks, ‘covetous, avaricious’ (with respect to faílu, ‘money,’ see ),  frekr, ‘greedy,’  frec, ‘daring.’ ‘Greedy’ was probably the primary meaning of the  stem freka- common to ; when specially applied to war it meant ‘eager for combat, daring’;  frëca acquired the meaning ‘warlike hero,’ earlier  freak, ‘hero, man.’ For early  words similarly restricted in meaning when applied to a warrior's life, see , ,. There are derivatives of the freka-,  friks, in the Romance languages —  frique, ModProv. fricaud, ‘cheerful, lively.’ freka-, from pre- prĕgo-, scarcely belongs to. ,, ‘free, exempt, frank, voluntary,’ from the  vrî,  frî; a common  stem frija-, ‘free’ (unknown only to ), which is assumed by  freis ( ,  frijana),  frî, freó (from frija-),  free,  frî. From these are formed the abstracts — freihals, ‘freedom,’  ‘having one's neck free,’  freóls, ‘freedom’ (also ‘peace, quiet’;  freólsdœg, ‘holiday’). frjáls for the non existent *frîr, ‘free,’ is identical with these words, being used as an signifying ‘with a free neck’; akin to  and  frîhals, ‘freeman.’ A ring around the neck was an  mark of a slave. Although frija- prevails throughout the group in its modern sense ‘free,’ to which  ridd, ‘free’ (from prija-), also corresponds, yet there is some evidence that the meanings ‘dear, loved,’ once belonged to the  in earliest ;  the corresponding   frijaþwa, ‘love,’  freód (for *frijôdus), ‘love, favour,’  frîgu, ‘love’ (also freódryhten, freóbearn); allied to  frijôn, ‘to love,’ mentioned under  and. All these derivatives point to a root frî, ‘to cherish, spare, treat forbearingly’ ( vrî-ten,  freidjan, ‘to spare’);  in an active sense should perhaps be compared with, which also denoted the relation of the higher to the meaner person. is ‘loving, loved, spared.’ This sense is placed beyond doubt by the earlier history of the  word —  frija-, from pre- priyó-;   priyâ-s, ‘dear, favourite,’ from the root prî ‘to rejoice, make well-disposed,’ In  the  of the  priyã means ‘spouse,’ also ‘daughter’; to this  frî, and  freó, ‘wife,’ correspond. With the root prî,  prijaja (prijati), ‘to assist,’ prijateljĭ, ‘friend,’ are also connected. See, , , ,. ,, ‘to woo,’ from vrîen, ‘to woo, marry’; unknown to ,  a  word, made current chiefly by Luther,   vrijen, ‘to sue for’ ( vrîen, ‘to set see, rescue,’ must in the main be regarded as a different word). In the sense of ‘to woo, marry,’ the verb must be directly connected with the root frî, ‘to love’;   frî, ‘wife, beloved.’ For the diffusion of the  root frî (from Aryan prî); see, , and also. ,, from the  vrîlîche, , ‘certainly, by all means,’   from vrîlîch, ‘free, boundless.’  ,, ‘Friday,’ from the  vrîtac,  frîatag, , ‘dies Veneris’; corresponding to  vrijdag,  frîgdœg, frîgedœg,  Friday, ‘dies Veneris,’  Frjádagr (for which Föstadagr, ‘fast day,’ is used in );  ‘Freia’s day’ (  Frijjó),  to  dies Veneris. Freia corresponds to Venus. Frigg, like Frîa, is  ‘lover, goddess of love’; akin to  priyã,, ‘spouse, beloved’ ( frî,  freó, ‘wife’). See.   ,, ‘wooing, courtship,’ from vrîât, vrîâte, , ‘making an offer of marriage’; abstract noun from ; also in the same sense  vrîe; an essentially Mid. word.  ,, ‘strange, foreign, unfamiliar, peculiar,’ from vręmede, vręmde, ‘foreign, distant, strange, singular, rare,’  framadi, fręmidi, ‘foreign, singular’; a common   for ‘foreign,’ unknown only to ;   framaþs, ‘foreign, estranged, excluded from,’  fręmþe, fręmde, ‘foreign, alien, estranged’ ( obsolete),  fręmithi,  vreemd. A derivative of the stem appearing in the  fram, ‘far from,’  and  from,  fram,, ‘away, forward.’ ,, ‘to eat greedily, devour, corrode,’ from vrëȥȥen,  frëȥȥen, ‘to eat up, consume, feed,’ of men and