Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/107

Fen ail (from *palêk), ‘rock,’ planina, ‘mountain,’  parvata, ‘rock, mountain,’ may be  allied. Connected also with púr, ‘fastness, citadel,’ to which  πόλι-ς has been referred? or with pâšâṇa (for *palsâna), ‘stone’?.   , ( and  ), from the   vënchel, vënichel,  fënahhal, fënihhal,, ‘fennel’;   finul,  fennel; formed from  (fœniculum, feniculum, feniclum), fenuclum; from the same source the Romance cognates  fenouil,  finocchio, ‘fennel,’ are derived.   ,, ‘window,’ from the  vęnster,  vęnstar, ;   venster,. Based, with a curious change of gender, on fenestra, from which, however, the fęnstar of the  Teutons could only be produced by shifting the accent back according to the  custom  and by syncopating the second e. This indicates that the word was borrowed very early, in the beginning of the period. Yet the idea was well known to the older periods, as is testified by the terms naturally applied to the existing object — augadaurô, ‘eye-gate,’  êgþŷrel, ‘eye-hole,’  vindauga (whence  windôge,  window). By the introduction of the Southern term ( also senister,  ffenester) the idea was probably reconstructed. This word was borrowed at the same period as other words —, — relating to the building of houses.   ,, ‘ferryman,’ from vęrge, vęrje, vęre,  fęrjo, fęro (  fęrjo,  and  fęrin,  fęrjun), , ‘mariner, ferryman.’ The j is changed into g after r as in ,. *farja,, ‘mariner,’ is wanting. Most closely allied to ; also akin to farjan, ‘to navigate,’ see root far under.   , see.   ,, ‘sucking-pig,’ from vęrker, verchel, vęrhelîn,  farhelî(n);  of  varch, , ‘pig, sucking-pig,’  farah, farh, ;  fearh, ,  farrow;  varken, , ‘pig’;  *farha- is wanting. In any case it is a pre- word, since the allied Aryan languages have words corresponding to it both in sound and meaning; *farhaz from pre- porkos, corresponds to porcus ( πόρκος),  pàrszas,  prasę,,   orc. Like and, this word too, unknown to Indian, is essentially West Aryan, while  is a common Aryan word.  ,, ‘far, distantly, remotely,’ from vërrene, vërren, vërne,  vërrana, vërranân, , ‘from afar’; the  in answer to the question ‘where’? is vërre in and vërro in. The form in  is vërre, in  vër, which are probably derived from the old. The remaining branches have no old  ; as an, however, we meet with  faírra, which is also a , ‘distant, away from,’  fjarre,  feor,  far,  fërr. Besides these words relating to distance in space, has also allied terms for distance in time;  fairneis, ‘old, in the preceding year,’  firn, ‘preceding, passed away (of years),’  firni,  virne, ‘old’ (see under ); akin also to  forn, ‘old,’  vorn, ‘earlier, formerly,’ with a differently graded vowel. To the stem fer-, for- from pre- per, pṛ, are allied  πέρᾶ, ‘further,’ πέρᾶν, ‘on the other side,’  heri, ‘distant,’  pára-s, ‘more, remote,’ paramás, ‘remotest, highest,’ parás,, ‘far of, in the distance.’ The cognates of Aryan per- have too great and involved a ramification to be fully explained here. See.  ,, ‘heel, track, footsteps,’ from the  vërsen,  fërsana, ; corresponds to  fairzna (for *fairsna), ,  fyrsn,  (pointing to  *faírsni-);  obsolete, the term ‘heel’ ( hêla) being used, in  hœ̂ll;  verzen,  fërsna. Common, like, and numerous other terms relating to the body (, , , , &c.), to and the allied languages, and hence derived from the  vocabulary;  fersnó-, -ni-, from pre- pē̆rs-nâ, -ni-, with  pâršṇi-s,  (like  fyrsn in the formation of its stem), Zend pâšna, ,  πτέρνα, , ‘heel, ham,’  perna, ‘leg (of mutton, &c.), ham,’ pernix, ‘quick, speedy’ (for *persna, *persnix).  ,, ‘ready, complete, dexterous,’ from vęrtec, vęrtic (from vart, ‘journey’), , ‘able to walk, walking, in motion, ready, fit,’  fartîg;  vaardig, ‘ready.’ The , like  and , probably meant  ‘equipped for a military expedition.’