Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/980

 95b COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. already given several of these (see list of engravings, art. Tiles), and shall here add two other modes. 1924. A Mode of Tiling adopted by the ancients, and of which there are specimens still to be found in Rome, is thus described by Borgnis ( Traiti de Construction, p. 253. ) : — Fig. 1670 a is a dissected view of a portion of a roof covered in the manner alluded to; and b shows plans and sections ot fhe separate tiles. The flat tile, with the turned-up margins, is two feet long, and twenty inches wide at the broadest end ; and the hollow semicylindrical or bridge tiles are eight inches in diameter at their widest end. The flat tiles were laid in mortar, either on brickwork, masonry, or boards, as the case might be ; and ornamental tiles were placed at the eaves, somewhat in the manner shown in the following mode of tiling. It is to be observed, that, by having the tiles both flat and semicylindrical, broader at one end than at the other, they are made to dovetail into each other in such a manner that no nails are required to keep them in their places, provided the tiles of the eaves and of the ridge of the roof are securely fixed by mortar or cement. 1 925. The Mode of Tiling exhibited in the Temple of Diana Propyhea is given in the engravings of that temple in the Unedited Antiquities of Attica. Fig. 1672 a is an elevation of part of a roof of the temple, in which the crocket-like ridge tiles are shown at b, and their vertical profile at c. Fig. 1671 d is the upper surface of one of the flat tiles, and e its under surface. Fig. 1673. shows a perspective vice of one of the bridge tiles, /, and a longitudinal section through the same, g. The effect of these tiles is remarkably good, and imitations of them might be introduced in villas and cottages with excellent effect. 1 926. The Kind of Face of the Stones, and the Manner in which they are disposed in Courses in TtaMan Buildings, often form a source of great beauty. In England, when- ever the surface of a wall is otherwise than smooth, it is said to be rusticated ; but the varieties in common use are so few, that they have not received designa- tions as in France and Italy. The rocky surface, the stalactited, the vermiculated, and the punctured, are among the kinds used by the Italians ; and the divisions l)efween the stones are either triangular in the section, cin'ved, square, or composed of modifications of these. In fig. 1674, a is a vermiculated surface; b, a surface cut