Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/893

 VILLAS IN VARIOUS STYLES. «(>9 oven flue, and the second is the air-shaft from the scullery, botli of which pass up one of tlie piers of the portico. 1535 lJ:i(3 1537 The thirdis the air-shaft from the pantry ; the fourth is the flue from the copper in the scul- lery ; the fifth is the flue of the servants' hall ; the sixth is the bed- room flue ; the seventh and eighth are the kit- chen flue and air-shaft ; the ninth is the air- shaft of the dairy ; the tenth, the air-shaft of the store-room ; the eleventh is from the furnace; and the twelfth from the footman's pan- try : the last two pass up the corner pier of the portico. If air-flues should be considered unnecessary, a row of single shafts will be sufiicient for the smoke-flues. The walls on which these sliafts stand are twenty-two inches thick, to allow of the flues being gathered, that is, inclined either to the right or left, so as to bring them up to their proposed places without disfiguring the rooms. The diameter of the shafts should be ten inches in the clear ; that of the flues may be an inch or two larger, and the latter may be lined with earthenware tubes, or built with Chadley's chimney bricks." 1795. Cister?is, for containing hard and soft water, to supply the different apartments, may be placed on the roof. 1796. Cohimns, IMr. Varden observes, " are not introduced in this villa, as they cannot be employed with propriety in such small buildings. The bad effect of columns in the porticoes of many villas near London has been frequently noticed by Architects of taste ; and the similarity that exists among them is so great, that they look as though they were all bought ready made. The builders seem quite indifferent as to their form or size, or their suitableness to the building which they are designed to decorate. To them a portico is a portico, and whether it is put to a large or a small house, in front or at the side, is of no consequence ; the same kind is applied every where, and very fre- quently with great impropriety. A column, when of a large size, is the most noble feature in Architecture ; but the little wooden posts dignified by that name, stuck about some modern English villas, bring the beautiful orders of antiquity into disrepute, without in any way improving the taste of the public, or disseminating architectural knowledge." 1797. The Entrance Door of a Villa, says Mr. Varden, " should never be near the corner of the building, for this produces the idea of a badly arranged giound plan. In every case the entrance should be distinctly marked, in order that a stranger may not have to look for it twice : when the spectator has hastily glanced over the whole building, the doorway should be the first thing for his eye to rest upon ; and, that this may be the case, it must display stronger contrast of light and shade than any other part of the structure. In the present Design, I have endeavoured to accomplish this by having a vestibule and arches, that must always be in deep shadow, brought into proximity with a projecting gallery that will receive the strongest light ; and which, in its turn, is relieved by coming in front of a deep portico. " 1798. When anj/ peculiar feature, either of form or ornament, is introduced, Mr. Varden considers, " that it should always be in some way repeated, with slight variation, in other parts of the Design ; and, if masses of ornament are repeated two or three times, it will generally be advisable to have between them some little enrichment of the like descrip- tion, for the purpose of connecting the parts, and harmonising the whole. In the present Design, the form of the arches of the vestibule is repeated by the three windows of the drawingroom, but with less depth of shadow, and the window of the morning room serves to unite them. The gallery over the entrance is repeated at the end of the building, and the two are connected by the smaller gallery over the morning room ; so likewise the four small vases on the entrance front are repeated on the garden front ; the one at the corner being the connecting link." 1799. Remarks. This Design is very much to our taste. It is highly architectural in its expression, and in every part arranged for comfortable and elegant enjoyment. We highly approve of the mode of ventilating the kitchen offices by flues, which is at