Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/779

 PAllOCIIIAL COUNTRY SCHOOLS. y^^ Tliis wall has also two coui-ses laid in cement immediately under the sleeper. The joists r, are of oak, 6 inches deep ; s shows the end of the chain bond, which is continued com- pletely round the building at that heiglit ; t is the cast-iron eaves guttering, and h, the level of tiie platform. In fig. 1396, a is a dry drain to keep the damp from the platform off the foundation walls ; b, the door into the master and mistress's living-room ; c, the door to their bed-room ; e e, two light closets off ditto ; f, garret in the roof, lighted from the ends ; g, privy ; h, 9-inch drain to a liquid manure tank j and i, the surface of the platforms. 1595. Specification. — Digger. Dig out the ground over the whole sui-face to be covci-ed by the building to the depth of 12 inches, also for the footing which must be 1 2 inches deeper, and proportionately deep for the drains and cesspools. The depth of these excavations must depend on the nature of the soil, which, if dry, need not be re- moved deeper than what is requisite to procure the necessary quantity of earth to form the terrace round the building ; but, if the soil be of a damp or soft clayey nature, it should be taken out deeper for the footings of the walls, say 1 foot more ; that is, 3 feet. The trenches for the footings should then be filled in with concrete (already described as a composition of clean gravel and hot lime mixed with water). The proportions are, one bushel of hme to five bushels of gravel ; the whole to be well mixed and thrown in, then levelled, rammed, and beaten down every stratum of 9 inches in thickness. The whole surface under the floor should be covered with the same composition, and rammed 12 inches thick. If the drainage be good, this composition will form an excellent bed for a plaster or cement floor ; but a deal, elm, or oak floor is better, being much drier and warmer for the children's feet. If the floor were formed of concrete or paved, a mass of stones under it might be heated by steam or flues, as shown § 20 and § 500; if boarded, a stove may be employed, as in Design I., or there may be two open fire- places, as may be thought best. Cover the raised terrace with gravel, 6 feet wide, all round the building, 9 inches thick, well rammed and rolled. 1596. Bricklayer. Build the walls of the several heights and thicknesses, and with the footings as shown in the plans, &c. The walls at the south-east end of the boys' school, and at the south-west end of the girls' school, to be carried up in one brick thick from the level of the wall plates to the underside of the boarding of the roof, with holes in them, 6 inches square and 18 inches apart, for ventilation under the ridges. Build all the walls with a fair face on both sides, and strike the joints inside of the schoolrooms flush and fair for lime-whiting, as they are not intended to be plastered. Splay off all the reveals of the windows, and point up all the frames inside and outside with cement. Build two courses ol" all tiig walls, piers, &c., in cement, immediately under the sleepers, for the floors. Build brick piers for the sleepers, 6 feet 6 inches apart from centre to centre, each pier 9 inches square, 1 foot high, with two courses of footings, 14 inches square. Build 9-inch brick fenders for three fireplaces. Pave the fuel places and larder with stock bricks on edge. Build 200 feet of barrel drains (cylindrical in the section), 9 inches in diameter, and half a brick thick, all round the bottom of the privies, the lower half of the drains to be rendered with cement. BuUd a dry drain round the foundations, as shown in the section fig. 1396, two courses in one brick, and ten courses to form the arch in half a brick, in thickness. Cover roofs of the privies, places for fuel, larder, and porches to north- east and south-west fronts with three courses of plain tiles in cement. Cover the roofs of the building and the south-east porch with countess slating, nailed on with copper nails. To put on ornamental cement chimney-shafts, 6 feet high, with bases, and artificial stone ornaments on the top of the pediments, 4 feet 6 inches high, and 7 inches square, as shown in the drawings, fig. 1396, and fig. 1397. 1597. Carpenter. Frame and fix the roofs, with principal rafters, kingposts, and collars (chamfered on their edges) every 6 feet 6 inches, and purlins, common rafters, pole-plates, ridges, &c. Fix a wall-plate to serve as a lintel over the windows, and con- tinue it all round, except where interfered with by the flues. Fix a chain-bond under the window-sills, continued all round in the same way, and extra-lintels over the u]5per windows in all the gables, to serve for bearing the ends of the purlins ; cover the rafters with |-inch yellow deal boarding for slates, edge shot (planed on the edges), and planed in one side, with proper tilting and slab fidlets. Fix ceiling joists for the bed-room, and floor joists, trimmed for the staircase and the chimney for the dwelling-rooms. Fix quarter asli- lering (partitions framed in quartering for lath and plaster), to form the sides of the bed- room, and to enclose the staircase. Provide and fix all necessary centring for the windows, doorways, drains, &c. Fix |^-inch yellow staff-beaded fascia and soffit round the roofs, 9 inches in girth, and cast-iron 4^-inch seim'cylindrical troughs, supported by strong wrought-iron brackets. — Scantling of Timbers. Rafters, 4 inches and a half by 2 inches and a quarter ; principals, 4 inches and a half by 3 inches and a half at top ; ditto, 9 inches by 3 inches and a half in at bottom. Fir cut brackets, 14 inches long, 3 inches and a half by 3 inches and a half. Collars, 6 inches and a half by 3 inches and half; king-