Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/764

 740 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. house, and the children, all of whom are obliged to be kept at school from infancy to the age of jnibcrty, are not only taught agriculture and gardening by catechisms and other books, but practically in the parish garden. Mucli might be written on this important subject ; but we have no wish to say more here, than to awaken the attention of the Architect to the requisites for a country school and its appendages. He will find farther details in our pamphlet Des Etablissemens pour V Education publique en Baviere, et dans le }Virternberg, et a Bade, &c., published at Paris, in 1829, and to be had of Treuttel and Wiirtz, London ; and to ouv article entitled Parochial Institutions ; or, an Outline of a Plan for a National Education Establishment, &c., in the Gardener's Magazine, vol. v. p. 692. Sect. 1 1. Miscellaneous Designs for Parochial Schools. 1574. Our Miscellaneous Designs for Parochial Schools are few, principally because we have already said so much on the subject in our section on Model Designs. Design I. — A Parochial School, in two Stories, for 400 Children, with a House for the Master and Mistress. 1 575. The Object of this Design is to show how the accommodation required may be obtained by placing one schoolroom over another, and the whole executed in an economical manner, and at the same time with some regard to architectural style. The Design has been executed, and it was furnished to us by its Architect, I. J. Kent, Esq., of London ; a gentleman who has made himself fully master of the subject of schools, both by study and the examination of the principal erections of this kind in Eng- land. Mr. Kent has besides designed and superintended the execution of some of the handsomest and best schools about London. We shall give elevations of the Design before us, and leave the young Architect to put them in perspective for himself ; but, to give the general reader an idea of the effect of Mr. Kent's style, we shall place before him fig. 1386, which is a perspective view, by Mr. Kent, of the Paddington Charity School, built from one of his designs, with the exception of the porch, which was omitted on account of the expense. 1576. Accommodation. The ground plan, fig. 1385, shows, a, an enclosed yard, with three covered privies open in front, for the girls, and one ditto, with a door, for the mistress; b, a similar yard with privies for the boys, and for the master. The drainage from the yard, e, also all the water from the roof of the building, are carried through these privies ; by which means, and by water laid on to the master and mistress's privy, they are kept clean and sweet. This will be more distinctly seen in the plan of the foundations. The roofs of the privies are flat, and covered with plain tiles, in cement. There is a small yard, c, for fuel, 8 feet by 8 feet 6 inches, to which access is obtained by the door from the yard, a, or through the kitchen door, o ; rf, is a small yard for fuel, to supply the boys' school ; e is a yard for the girls to assemble in, the entrance being on the south side, /. This yard will be found useful in the summer time for the girls to go into in the afternoon, when the heat of the weather is found oppressive in tlicir schoolroom, it being on the upper floor ; f, entrance for the girls from the road or street ; g, stone staircase leading into the girls' school ; h, private staircase leading to the dwelling apart- ments for the master and mistress : under the two staircases, g and h, is a kitchen, 9 feet 6 inches square, with a cistern, sink, dresser, fireplace, &c., as shown in the plan of the foundations, fig. 1389; i is a committee-room, 21 feet by 13 feet; and, when not wanted for that use, the large folding doors, r, may be opened, and the room used as part of the boys' schoolroom, k. The boys' schoolroom, k, is 44 feet by 32 feet, and 1 1 feet 6 inches high ; the windows are placed high, 6 feet from the floor, so as to le.ave the full use of the walls under them for desks, forms, and hats. The windows open up to the level of the ceiling, and are hung on pivots, thereby affording a thorough venti- lation above the boys' heads : they are placed facing the south and north, in order that the extreme heat of the afternoon sun shall not be full upon them ; there being abun- dance of light without the large window in the west front, should the heat from it be found oppressive ; /, a yard for the boys to assemble in ; m, entrance to the boys' school from the yard, I ; n, gateway or entrance from the road or street, for the boys in the west front. These entrances are placed in the different fronts, to prevent, as much as pos- sible, the boys and girls associating together, when they assemble morning and evening before the school hours. The yards enable the children to assemble in an enclosed space, thereby preventing them being a nuisance to the neighbours. The kitchen under the staircases, g and h, is lighted by the doorway and window, o. The closets, p, on tlic half space of the staircase, h, are for the use of the master and mistress. On a stone, s, on a brick trimmer (bi'ick arch), is placed a stove, with a pipe through the floor above, into the upper or girls' school, to which it has been found to afford sufficient heat.