Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/735

 KITCHENS OF COUNTRY INNS. 711 difficult, and as it is really a most amusing occupation, Count Rumford earnestly recor.v- nieuds gentlemen, and even ladies, to superintend and direct these works. 1492. In laying out the IVork, when a kitchen is to be fitted up, the first thing to be done is, to draw, with red or white chalk, or with a coal, a ground plan of the brickwork, of the full size, on the floor or pavement of the room. When the kitchen is neither paved nor floored, this drawing must, of course, be made on the ground. In this drawing, the ash-pits, and the passages leading to them, must be marked ; and, when the ash-pit is to be sunk into the ground, tiiat is the first thing that must be executed. As soon as this ground plan is sketched out, the ash-pit doors should all be placed, and the found- ations of the brickwork laid. To assist the bricklayer, and to prevent his making mistakes, several sections of the brickwork, of the full size, and particularly sections of the boilers, represented as fixed In their fireplaces, should be drawn on wide boards, or on very large sheets of paper, or they may be drawn with charcoal or red chalk on the sides of the room. Tliese sections, of the full size, where the bricklayer can readily take measure of the various parts of the work to be performed, will be found very useful. {Essays, &c., p. 36.) 1493. As an Example of one of the most complete Kitchens ever fitted up by Count Rumford, we give that of the Baron de Lerchenfeld at INIunlch, which, though very dif- ferent from most British kitchens, may yet serve as a model for the best of them, provided economy of fuel and labour, cleanliness, the beauty of fitness, and the comfort of the cook, were the leading objects of the Architect. Count Rumford observes that this kitchen has been found to answer even to the entire satisfaction of the cook, who began, however, by entering his formal protest against It. Fig. 1354 shows a perspective view of the kitchen plan, seen nearly in front. The mass of brickwork In which the boilers and saucepans are set projects out into the room, and the smoke Is carried off by flues that are concealed in this mass of brickwork, and in the thick walls of an open chimney fireplace ; which, standing on it, on the further side of It where it joins to the side of the room, is built up perpendicularly to the ceiling of the room. At the height of about twelve or fifteen inches above the level of the mantel of this open chinmey fireplace, the separate flues for the smoke concealed in Its walls, end In the larger flue of this fireplace, which lastjnentioned larger flue, sloping backwards, ends In a neighbouring chimney, which can-ies oflf the smoke, through the roof of the house, Into the atmosphere. A horizontal section of this open chimney fireplace, at the level of the upper siu-face of the mass of brickwork on which it stands, may be seen In fig. 1358, p. 714. In this section, the vertical flues are distinctly marked which carry off the smoke from the boilers into the chimney ; as also the stoppers which are occasionally taken away to remove the soot, when these flues are cleaned. These stoppers, which are made of earthenware, burnt like a brick or tile, are eight inches long, six inches wide, and three inches thick ; and,