Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/680

 656 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA AIICHITECTURE. 1256 ^ e works, at Whitburn, near Glasgow, and sold there at various prices, from SO*, to 90s. by- retail. Where timber is the principal fuel, there is no stove better adapted for throwing 1258 ; but it is not so well adapted for cooking 1258 out heat than the American stove, fij^ as the British cast-iron ranges. It might, however, be mucli improved in this respect, by having the project- ing shelf or cap, a, hinged, so as to lift up ; and by having a hook fixed in its underside, from which a pot might be suspended. Where stoves of this kind are used, the oven and boiler are necessarily built apart from the open fire, and heated separately ; though it would be an easy matter to connect with this stove both an oven for baking, and a square cistern for heat- ing water, either for tlie purposes of cookery, or cleaning, or for circulation to heat some other apartment, or to hatch eggs, or keep warm a poultry place. Great benefits have been ex- perienced from the introduction of the American stove into some farm houses in Kent ; where, from the large open chimneys, it was before their introduction found impossible to keep the kitchen, which is there generally the farmer's living-room, comfortably warm. Such kitchens were only rendered habitable by elderly people, in consequence of the use of the large chair or settle, § 636, fig. 636. When anthracite or blind coal is the principal fuel, Hinton's AmcvJcan cooking-stove, figured and described in the Mechanics' Magazine, vol. xiv. p. 273., may be employed. In all cases where wood is the principal fuel, we believe it will be foinid decidedly the most economical method to heat the air of the kitchen, as well as the living-rooms, by stoves, as in Germany ; by benches of flues, as in China; or, better still, by underground flues, or steam-pipes under the floor, to heat a mass of masonry, as we have before proposed ; and to make the fires used in cookery on raised hearths. 1378. The Back-Kitchen or Scullery of the farm house should always be fitted up with a large sink for dirty water, with a trap and drain communicating with the liquid manure tank ; and in many cases it may be found worth while to have a second sink communicating with the tank for pig's food. There are excellent sinks formed of cast iron ; sometimes also they are formed of wood, and covered with lead ; but most generally they are hewn out of stone ; and this kind, as the most durable and the simplest, we think the best adapted for farm houses. Cast-iron sinks are, however, very mucli used ; and some excellent forms have been sent us liy Mr. Mallet, who has made great numbers of them. We shall here give fig. 1259, which may serve as a pattern either for a stone or