Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/665

 DWELLINGS FOR FARM SERVANTS. 641 the Dutch and Germans use hay in similar cases. If slates are used, they are proposed to 1)0 pointed with a composition of quicklime, sharp sand, and smith's ashes, made into a stifl mortar, with huUock's blood and a little linseed oil, previously mixed over the fire. This mixture, Mr. Tugwell says, should be well beaten together every day, for five or six days successively ; and, when used, it should be worked into a soft consistence with lime- water. Small openings for ventilation may be made in the ceilings, close by the chimney- flue, and carried up in the wall so near the latter as to be influenced by its heat : all such ventilations should have sliding stops, so as to close them during winter ; their chief use being while cooking or baking is going on, during the hot weather of summer. See §21. 1355. General Estimate. Cubic contents, 5,661 feet, which, at 3d. per foot, is £"70 : 15s. : 3d. ; at 2d., i'47 : 3s. : 6d. ; and at l^d., ±35 : 7s. ■ l^d. . Remarks. This is a well-considered Design, in point of accommodation and economy. The original elevation, as given in the Bath Society's Papers, is without archi- tectural beauty, but we have varied it a little ; and also added tlie appendages, /(, t, k, and /, behind. Two of these cottages placed together, with a bold stack of chimneys in the centre, would have a good appearance. The blank space in the centre might have a lean-to placed against it, and be subdivided, for the benefit of each house : or a vine or fruit tree might be placed against the wall ; or the cottager who could afford it might have there a summer-house or a green-house : the latter would be kept sufficiently warm by the heat fi-om the two mgesters or boilers. But the addition which, above all others, we should wish to see made to a single cottage of this kind, would be a thatch-covered lean-to, on the back of the fireplace, fitted up as a forcing-house for poultry ; or, where two such cottages were placed together, to see poultry places formed for each cottage between them. Fig. 1223 shows the two ends, or living-rooms, of two such cottages, placed back to back, with two poultry places between. The porch, 1223 a, to each poultry place, may serve for ducks or geese on the ground floor, and for A'oung fowls to roost over ; the ducks being protected from the droppings from the roosts by projecting boards. The laying and hatching places, b, may be separated by doors, c, eighteen inches wide, from the porches, in order to keep the former waniT. Over the passages in the inner places may 1)c roosts for hens expected to lay, and, if it is thought fit, the height may be extended to the roof, and two places for pigeons obtained over the roosting-place for the fowls. If this is not considered desir- able, two closets, one to the bed-room of each house, may be formed over the poultry •''■"' o '"Ft. places, and liglited, the one '— ' — ' — '— ' — ' — ' — ' — ' — ' — ' ' by a window to the front, as shown in the elevation fig. 1224, and the other by a window to the back. In the porches, rabbits may be kept, as well as ducks and geese." It is gratifying to find Mr. Tugwell recommending, besides his excellent oven and digester, " whereby the small quantities of animal food that fall to the farm labourer's share may be rendered solacing, nutritive, and strengthening, large well constructed windows, in order to give light during many hours in the year, that would otherwise require the use of candles." Healso recommends a quarter of an acre of garden ground to each cotUge ; and gives directions for making a kind of stew, in a pot with a cover, a common stewpan, or, by preference, the digester (because this utensil, from its great strength and close cover, admits of raising water to a degree of heat somewhat above the boiling point). Tliis stew is composed of alternate layers of whole potatoes, the refuse parts of mutton, beef, or pork, cut small ; and a little thyme from the cottager's gai-den, together with celery, onions, and savory, either or all j the whole to be seasoned with salt and pepper, and barelv covered with 4 c