Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/664

 010 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITFXTUIIE. k H be very suitable for being bedded in ashes. The fireplace of the digester, he recom- mends to be surrounded by the same non-conducting substance. There are a smiU pantry,/", and a place, g, for 1219 the stairs down to the cel- lar, and up to tlie bed-rooms. Behind are a privy, h, a place for ashes, i, for fuel, k, and for such rubbish as will not convert into manure, I. The last four ap- pendages are ours. Fig. 1219 is the plan of the bed-room floor; in which there is a bed- room, m, twelve feet by ten feet, with a fireplace and circular flue at n, and a recess for shelves at o : there is another bed-room, p, twelve feet by nine feet. Fig. 1220 is the elevation in perspective. 1.354. Construction. The outer walls are proposed to be built hollow; either entirely of brick or entirely of stone ; or with their outsides of stone of twelve inches in thick- ness, with an encasing of brick of about six inches, and an Q#4^ 1220 interval of six inches between, with cross ties carried up from the bottom to the top. The vacuities in the walls are pro- posed to be made by means of a hollow light deal box, fig. 1221, three inches in thickness, three feet long, and two feet deep. This box is to be used as a gauge for preserv- ing the vacuities of the proper width : it has two rings in its upper side, by which means it may be easily drawn up to about two thirds of its height; at which height, two catches, fig. 1221, 5' g, at each end, will fly out, by means of weights at their tails, as shown in fig. 1222; and these will hold the gauge box in its proper station, till it may require again to be raised, width of this cottage being only twelve feet, the roof is made to slope from the front to the 1221 back, so as to throw all the water 1222 into one gutter, which may convey it to a barrel, tub, or tank, or a cistern over the closet, k, in fig. 1218. The elevation of the roof is supposed to be not moi-e tlian twelve degrees ; that slope being most suitable for a covering of Grecian or Italian tiles, figs. 23 and 24, in § 50 ; or with large slates, fig. 1100, § 1222; cast-iron plates, § 153; corrugated iron, § 420 ; or with cement, in a manner which will be hereafter described. If intended for common slate, the roof will require to be raised to an angle of thirty-six degrees ; if for reeds, hoop cb.ips, or holm (drawn wheat straw), forty-five degrees ; and if for common thatch of broken straw, from fifty degrees to fifty-five degrees. The upper wall-plate is proposed to be six inches by two inches ; the under wall-plate eight inches by two inches, and the rafters and foot-beams four inches by two inches. The foot-beams arc to be con- sidered as ceiling joists, and arc to be lathed and plastered : between this ceiling and the roof, Mr. Tugwel) proposes to jilace coal-ashes, as a non-conducting substance ; but, if these fchould not be had in sufficient abundance, hay, straw, moss, chaff, or leaves may be used;