Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/640

 GIG COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 1311. The Cider- Mill for the purpose of grinding the fruit is constructed as follows : — Two, three, or four stones, as may be required, each being the segment of the horizontal section of a cylinder, are fitted and cramped together. In the Design before us, the diameter of the section of the cylinder is 12 feet, and its axis 2 feet; that is, it stands about that height from the ground. Into the surface of the upper end is cut a circulal trough, within 2 inches of the periphery, termed the chace, fig. 1 181, a ; the side towards 1181 the centre is perpendicular, but the outer side slopes off, to allow the fruit to work up on that side when the roller passes over it, as being more convenient for the driver to push it down again to be recrushed. At the bottom the width is 1 foot 3 inclies, at the top 2 feet, giving 9 inches for the slope. When first cut it is usually 5 inches deep, and a rim of wood, 4 inches high, called the nut, raises it on the outer rim, whde a platform of wood to the same depth is fitted on the bed of the mill. This is removed when, by continual wear, the trough has become that much deeper. A circular stone roller, called the runner, b, is set on its edge, and revolves in the chace. It is 4 feet and a half in diameter, and 1 foot 2 inches wide on the edge, which is beveled off inwards on a slope of about three quarters of an inch in a foot, to facilitate its circular motion round the trough, and counteract' the centrifugal tendency it would have, were it cut quite square. The iiuier side or face of the stone is perpendicidar ; but the outer is gradually rounded off from the edge, so as to be about 4 inches thicker at the axle. The surface of the edge of the wheel, as well as that of the bottom of the trough, should be rendered perfectly smooth, though it is a frequent custom to leave them rough, and even with inequalities, whereby the kernels, &c., of the fruit in great part escape untouched. This is done to prevent the roUer from sliding ; but the same object is better attained by a cog- wheel. In the Design before us, however, there is no danger of sliding, even without the aid of cogs. Through the centre of the runner is fixed a square bush of wood, to contain the iron boulk, or baulk, for the axle, also of iron, on which it turns to work. This axle passes into a larger wooden one, c, 5 inches thick ; and is held firm by a pin, or key, fitting in a hole through both. This larger axle extends over the bed of the mill to a perpendicular spindle or shaft, d, through which passes a flat iron pin fixed edgewise in the axle. The hole in the spindle is elongated an inch upwards and down wards, with a width just enough to admit the pin freely. This prevents straining, by