Page:An Encyclopædia of Cottage, Farm, and Villa Architecture and Furniture.djvu/62

 38 COTTAGE, FARM, AND VILLA ARCHITECTURE. 81. Specification of Slater's Work. To cover the whole of the roofing with Countess slating (the third size of Welch slates, see States, in Glossarial Index), nailed with painted iron nails, and the eaves to be laid double. The whole to be laid with a sufficient lap, and to be carefully sorted in courses (laid so as that the joints may form regular lines), so as tflFectually to exclude the weather. The slater is to find all materials, tools, carriage, and /abour required for the completion of his work, and to do the same in a workmanlike manner. 82. Specification of Stone-Mason's Work. To put Yorkshire stone quarry sills, eight inches wide, bevelled (sloped), throated (grooved underneath), and tooled (hewn, but not rubbed afterwards, as is done occasionally to produce a finer surface), to all the windows. To put a Yorkshire stone hearth and slab to the bed-room fireplace ; and plain Portland stone mantels (the cross pieces which bear on the jambs), jambs, slips (sides of the jambs), and shelves to both the fireplaces. The mason is to find all materials, carriage, and work, required for the completion and fixing of his work, in a sound and workmanlike manner. 83. Specification of Carpenter's and Joiner's Work. Carpenter's work. The work to be done with sound, well-seasoned, Quebec red pine timber, except where otherwise specified. The whole to be framed in a workmanlike manner, with the stuff (pieces of timber) sawed square of the several scantlings (dimension of breadth and thickness), and descriptions as follows: — all the carpenter's work, as well as the joiner's work, to hold the several scantlings (dimensions, see Glossarial Index), and thicknesses herein, i named, when finished. To put oak lintels (correctly, the head pieces over doors or windows, which rest upon the "i^ jambs ; in brick buildings generally a short beam over the head of a door or window resting on the jambs, to carry work that does not receive support from an arch), three inches and a half thick, to all the openings, of the width of the respective walls, less the thickness of the brick arches, so as to lay nine inches on the walls at each end. Oak wood bricks (pieces of oak timber, cut to the size and shape of bricks, and built into the inner surface of walls for the purpose of nailing joiner's work to them, when finishing the rooms), to be provided in the jambs for fixing the linings (thin boards) where reiiuired. — Bed-room floor. To put oak joists, four inches 50 by three inches, and twelve inches apart, laid on two-inch oak sleepers, four inches wide. — Ceiling floor. To put an oak wall plate, four inches by two inches and a half, dovetailed (see fig. 57) at the angles, and halved and spiked (a mode of joining, fig. 49) at the laps ; and ceiling joists, joggled on (fixed, as shown in fig. 50), and spiked 52 (nailed with spike nails, fig. 51) at each end, to the top of the plate, four inches by two inches, and twelve inches apart ; the two end bays (spaces be- twixt the girders, or principal timbers in a floor) to be framed at one end into the binding joists, five inches by three inches, fig. 52, v. — Roofing. To put one inch and half yellow deal hip rafters (rafters at the angles of a pavillion roof), and ridge pieces, nine inches deep (fig. 53, w), rounded on the top for lead. Common rafters, four inches by two inches and a half, and thirteen inches apart ; with two pair of couplings, five inches by three inches, fig. 54, *, framed to the binding joists, or tie beams (horizontal pieces of timber, »/), and spiked to the face of them at each end, having king-posts (perpendicular posts, «), six inches by two inches and a half. The whole properly trimmed (framed round, leaving a clear opening,) to the chimney shafts. The shed roof over the back kitchen, fuel-house, and privy, to have rafters, wall plates (pieces of timber on the walls, on which the rafters rest, fig. 54 Sf S^), and ties of the same scantling as above described. The whole of the roofs to be covered with three quarters of an inch thick yellow deal slips (boards), two mches and a half wide, for Countess slates ; with proper tilting fillets (tilting fillets are used ^^